Download Organic Macromolecules

9/2/2013
Review
1. What is a mixture?
2. How are homogenous and
heterogenous mixtures different?
3. What is the approximate pH of your
cells? Your blood?
Date: _________
Organic Macromolecules
What does organic
mean?
Inorganic?
Macromolecules
•Macro = large
•Large molecules (polymers) are made
up of smaller building blocks
(monomers)
•Macromolecules contain chemical
bonds that store energy for our bodies
to use to do work.
Organic vs. Inorganic
•Organic molecules contain many
carbon and hydrogen atoms.
•Inorganic molecules usually do not
have carbon and hydrogen.
• CO2 is an example of an
inorganic molecule with
carbon.
Four Major Macromolecules
•Carbohydrates
•Proteins
•Lipids
•Nucleic acids
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9/2/2013
Carbohydrates
•Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen
•Monomer: simple sugars
– Include simple sugars like glucose, called
monosaccharides
•Simple sugars bond together to make
larger, more complex carbohydrates
(polysaccharides) like glycogen,
starch, and cellulose
Proteins
•Composed of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes
sulfur
•Monomers: amino acids
•There are 20 amino acids that exist to make
millions of different proteins!
•When you eat proteins, they are broken
down into amino acids. These amino acids
are used to build new proteins for you.
Lipids
•Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen
•Monomers: glycerol and fatty acids
•Contain many more C-H bonds than
carbohydrates
Carbohydrate Functions
•Main source of energy for the cell!
•Short-term energy storage (starch, glycogen)
•Complex carbohydrates are broken down
into simple sugars during digestion.
–Simple sugars enter the bloodstream and
are used to make cellular energy within all
cells.
Protein Function
•Used in structure of cells and
organisms (muscles)
•Transport molecules within and
between cells.
•Enzymes, a type of protein,
regulate chemical reactions in the
body.
•Proteins can be used for energy if
all carbohydrates and lipids are
gone, but this is not a major
function – they must be converted
to carbohydrates first
Lipid Function
•Long-term energy storage
• Fat accumulates in order to help
us in case we are starving. When all
carbohydrate stores are gone, lipids are broken
down for energy.
•Insulation and shock absorption
•Major component of cell
membranes (phospholipids)
•Used in making some vitamins and hormones
(steroids)
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9/2/2013
Focus Questions
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What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
What are polymers? Monomers?
Where is energy stored in a molecule?
What are the four types of macromolecules?
Describe the structure of each macromolecule - atoms and
monomers?
What are monosaccharides? Polysaccharides?
What is glycogen? Starch? Cellulose?
What do carbohydrates do?
How many amino acids do we need?
What happens when we eat proteins?
What are the three major functions of proteins?
What do lipids do?
What types of lipids are used to make vitamins and hormones?
Homework
•Review notes for a quiz tomorrow.
•Complete study guide questions
1-5 and 10-25.
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