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Animal Behavior
Behavior refers to how an organism reacts to changes in its
internal condition or external environment.
A stimulus is any kind of signal
that carries information and
can be detected.
A response is a single,
specific reaction to a stimulus.
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Section:
Animal Behavior-Innate
Innate Behavior refers to behavior that animals are born with
or have through instinct.
Examples include the following:
spiders making their webs,
suckling of a newborn mammal,
& weaver birds making their nests.
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Section:
Animal Behavior-Learned
Animals can also alter their behavior as a result of experience
and this is known as learning.
1) Habituation is a process by which an animal decreases or
stops its response to a repetitive stimulus that neither rewards
nor harms the animal.
2) Classical Conditioning refers to any time an animal makes
a mental connection (association) between a stimulus and some
kind of reward or punishment. Ex. Pavlov’s Dog
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Section:
Figure 34–5 Pavlov’s Experiment
Section 34-1
Before
Conditioning
When a dog sees
or smells food, it
produces saliva.
Food is the stimulus
and the dog’s
response is
salivation. Dogs do
not usually salivate
in response to
nonfood stimuli.
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Section:
During Conditioning
By ringing a bell every time he fed
the dog, Pavlov trained the dog to
associate the sight and smell of
food with the ringing bell.
After Conditioning
When Pavlov rang a bell
in the absence of food,
the dog still salivated. The
dog was conditioned to
salivate in response to a
stimulus that it did not
normally associate with
food.
Animal Behavior-Learned
3) Operant Conditioning occurs when an animal learns to
behave in a certain way through repeated practice, in order to
receive an award or avoid punishment. (Trial & Error Learning)
Ex. Skinner Box
4) Insight Learning refers to reasoning or when an animal
applies something it has already learned to a new situation, w/o
a period of trial & error.
Ex. Chimps stacking boxes to get bananas
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Section:
Animal Behavior-Innate & Learned Combined
Imprinting is learning based on early experience and it also involves innate
behavior. Once imprinting has occurred, the behavior can’t be changed.
Ex: Young ducks and geese
searching /following first
moving object and try to
determine if it is their mother
Ex: Young salmon know the
smell of the creek they were
born in and learn to get back
to it through the scent
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Section:
Patterns of Behavior
Migration- the periodic movement from one place to
another then back again . Usually influenced by
seasons.
Courtship- individuals sends out stimuli in order to
attract a member of the opposite sex.
Social Behavior-Hunting or grazing or working together
to survive. Ex. Waggle dance of bees
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Section:
Figure 34–8 Migration of Sea Turtles
Section 34-2
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Section:
Video
Travelin’ Along
Click the image to play the video segment.
Go Online
Links from the authors on remote sensing and animal behavior
Interactive test
For links on animal communication, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter
the Web Code as follows: cbn-9342.
Interest Grabber Answers
1. The word you are to brainstorm is behavior. Behavior is the way an
organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or external
environment. On a sheet of paper, make a list of as many behaviors as
possible. You will have two minutes.
2. After you have finished this section, revisit your list. Write the letter “I” next
to any words that describe innate, or unlearned, behaviors. Write the letter
“L” next to any words that describe learned behaviors.
Student answers may include the following: Blinking eyes (I), Tapping
pencil (L), Rubbing your eyes (I), Crying (I), Building a spider web (I),
Migration (I and L), Hibernation (I), Newborn suckling (I), Writing with a
pencil (L)
Interest Grabber Answers
1. Think of a behavior that you can picture yourself doing. What behavior did
you choose?
2. When do you think you first exhibited this behavior?
3. What process was involved in the development of this behavior?
4. Do you think this behavior is innate or learned? Explain your answer.
Student answers will depend on the type of behavior chosen. Make sure
that students understand the difference between innate and learned
behaviors, as well as the types of learned behavior.
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