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Cells Information Gap Activity - Answer Sheet Name: ___________ Homebase: _______ There are two main types of cells – animal and plant cells. Each cell is made up of parts called organelles. Each organelle has a different form and carries out a different function for the cell. Animal Cells Cells from animals have several organelles in common. They include the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondrion, lysosomes, cytoplasm, vacuoles and many more. The cell membrane is a thin, flexible outer layer that encases the cell and controls what goes in or comes out. Cell membranes are hard to see under light microscopes, which is why it can be hard to identify individual animal cells under light microscopes. The cytoplasm is a jelly-like liquid that fills most of the cell and contains hundreds of different chemicals. New substances are made and energy is released and stored there. Think of the cytoplasm as the chemical factory of the cell. Vacuoles are storage areas that may contain air, water, wastes OR food particles. Animal cells often contain several small vacuoles. They are not normally visible under light microscopes. The nucleus is the “control room” of the cell. It contains DNA, which is like a computer program that tells the cell how to develop and function. Nuclei are often visible under light microscopes. The mitochondrion is a small organelle that can’t be seen using a light microscope. Its job is to break down food to release the energy that the cell needs to function. Lysosomes break down, recycle and/or destroy food, old organelles, viruses and bacteria into other chemicals which the cell can then use or dispose of. Plant Cells Like animal cells, plant cells also contain a nucleus, lysosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, a cell membrane, but instead of many vacuoles, plant cells contain one large vacuole filled with cell sap. Unlike animal cells, plant cells contain chloroplasts and a cell wall. Unlike animals, plants need to make their own food in a process known as photosynthesis. This occurs in organelles called chloroplasts inside leaf cells. Chloroplasts may be seen using a light microscope. Chloroplasts in the cell use light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into chemical energy in the form of glucose (a type of sugar). This is then used as food for the plant. Oxygen is made as a waste material. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a cell wall which contains a tough, fibrous material called cellulose and provides the support needed by the plant cell and the entire plant. Cell walls are easy to see under microscopes, which makes it easy to identify individual plant cells under microscopes. There are other organelles, which you might want to know about, but we’ve kept it simple for Grade 6! Single-Celled (Unicellular) Organisms These organisms are called unicellular, meaning “one cell”. This cell carries out all the required functions such as food intake and movement. Since some unicellular organisms show both plant and animal characteristics, they are often classified not as plants or animals, but as protists. Multicellular Organisms Organisms with more than one cell are known as multicellular organisms. The larger the organism, the more specialized cells it has. A specialized cell carries out a very specific function for the organism. Humans contain more than 200 types of specialized cells. Red blood cells carry food and oxygen around the body; muscle cells assist movement; while nerve cells send messages from the brain to the muscles. What do you think the other specialized cells do? Bone cells? Bone cells make up our bones and provide the skeletal structure for our body. Fat cells? Fat cells store extra energy in our bodies as fat. They also act as protection for our internal organs. Groups of Cells, Tissues and Organs The different specialized cells in our bodies are organized into groups to help them work more effectively. Groups of similar specialized cells are called tissue. Tissues in turn may be grouped together to form an organ. Just as organelles do a specific job for the cell, organs do a specific job for an organism. For example, heart cells form heart tissue, which makes up the heart, the organ specialized for pumping blood around the human body. Some other human organs made from specialized cells and tissues are the skin, brain, intestines, liver, kidneys and eyes. Cell Info Gap Reflection Questions Name_________________ Homebase_________________________ 1. Which organelle(s) is/are unique to animal cells?____________________________________________________ 2. Which organelle(s) is/are unique to plant cells?_____________________________________________________ 3. Which organelles did we see under the microscopes? ________________________________________________ 4. What do animals have that serves the same function as a cell wall? _____________________________________ 5. If ISM were a cell, what would be its? For the why part, you should focus on function. a) cell membrane__________________________________ Why?_______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ b) nucleus__________________________________ Why? ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ c) cell wall_______________________________Why? __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ d) cytoplasm_____________________________ Why? _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ e) vacuoles______________________________ Why? _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ f) mitochondrion ___________________________ Why? _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ g) chloroplasts_____________________________ Why? ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ h) lysosomes_____________________________ Why? _________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What would ISM be like without the above structures? _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What would our cells be like without organelles? ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What do you think is the most important organelle? _____________________ Why?_______________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What do you think is the least important organelle? _____________________ Why?_______________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Groups of similar cells are called ________________. A complete set of similar tissue forms a(n) ___________. 11. Why do humans have many different specialized cells? ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Why do you think humans have specialized cells, tissues and organs?__________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. What is a: unicellular organism? _______________________________________________________________ a multicellular organism? _________________________________________________________________________ a protist?______________________________________________________________________________________ 14. What are the similarities between unicellular and multicellular organisms?______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. What are the differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms?______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. Why study cells?_____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Cell Infographic Diagram Now draw a picture/diagram with words and arrows that illustrates the functions of the organelles in a plant cell, and how a plant cell operates. Remember that we are doing this because research shows that drawing diagrams and making models helps immensely with your learning! Requirements 1. All organelles (nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, vacuoles) need to be represented. 2. Use pictures to represent the functions (some of your ideas from question 5 may help here). Your pictures should not look like the actual organelles. This will not help your learning. Your pictures should relate to the function of the cell and possibly to your ideas from question 5. 3. Use words and arrows to show and explain the functions and how the organelles work together for the good of the cell. 4. Do it all in pencil first, then when you are done, get teacher approval then……….. 5. Use colour to make it pretty!