Download 19 Ekim 04 - Business Information Management

BILKENT UNIVERSITY
APPLIED SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
BUSINESS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
92 100 Introduction to Psychology
Chapter 6 / EXERCISE
Part A – Multiple Choice Questions
1. Imagine a classical conditioning experiment in which you have participants
suck on a lemon (which causes puckering and salivating) immediately after you
touch the participant’s arm. After many trials, the participants make a puckered
face and salivate when you touch them on the arm. In this experiment, what is
the unconditioned stimulus?
a)
b)
c)
d)
the lemon
puckering and salivating
touching the arm
the participant
2. What is the “law of effect” in instrumental conditioning?
a) If a response is followed by a reward, that response will be
strengthened.
b) If two stimuli are presented at the same time, an association between the
two will be created.
c) If an individual (or animal) observes a behavior, that individual (or animal)
is likely to imitate the behavior.
d) There are biological constraints on which behaviors an individual (or
animal) can learn.
3. According to learning theorists, most learning depends on the mechanism of:
a)
b)
c)
d)
punishment.
insight.
association.
reasoning.
4. Which one of the following is not one of the major areas of learning?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Classical conditioning
Instrumental Conditioning
Latent Learning
Habituation
5. Which one of the following is not true for Instrumental Conditioning?
a) Associating an existing response with a new stimulus
b) The animal or person must produce some behavior to get a reward or
avoid a punishment.
c) If a particular voluntary response is followed by a reward, that response
will be strengthened
d) Changing of behavior
92 100 Introduction to Psychology
Ebru İNANÇ
Instructor
07-08 Spring
BILKENT UNIVERSITY
APPLIED SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
BUSINESS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Part B – Match the Followings
In the first column you will see some terms related with “Learning”. In the
second column, there are the descriptions of these terms. Please match them
accordingly
Terms about Learning
Explanations
1. Habituation
( 6 ) According to him, behaviors followed
by favorable consequences become more
likely, and behaviors followed by
unfavorable consequences become less
likely
2. Tolman
( 1 ) Decline in response of organism’s
response to stimulus once that stimulus
becomes familiar
3. Learned helplessness
( 5 ) Organism comes to associate two
stimuli; a neutral one and one that already
causes a reflexive response
4. Unconditioned response
( 3 ) Control over environment lessens
stress/distress; sense of futility, or lack of
control, increases stress/distress
5. Classical Conditioning
( 2 ) He demonstrated “latent learning”
using an operant conditioning paradigm
6. Thorndike
( 4 ) Unlearned, naturally occurring
response to the unconditioned stimulus
92 100 Introduction to Psychology
Ebru İNANÇ
Instructor
07-08 Spring
BILKENT UNIVERSITY
APPLIED SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
BUSINESS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Part C - Short Answer Questions
1. In Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Experiment, what is “the role of
surprise”? Please discuss briefly.
The animal no longer gets the food but still gets the bell sound which
used to signal food in the past.
This is surprising for the animal.
Surprise plays a key role in conditioning. Learning occurs only when
events are not in line with our expectations. Otherwise we don’t need to
learn anything new about the environment.
2. Please explain Thorndike’s Law of Effect.
Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences
become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable
consequences become less likely.
In instrumental conditioning the animal or person must produce some
behavior to get a reward or avoid a punishment.
If a particular voluntary response is followed by a reward, that response
will be strengthened (the response comes from within).
92 100 Introduction to Psychology
Ebru İNANÇ
Instructor
07-08 Spring