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BEHAVIORISM A.J. Covell, Stephanie Jobe, Laura Lumb, Shannon Monteiro, Jonathan White WHAT IS IT? Laura BEHAVIORISM IS… The belief that “people’s behaviors are largely the result of their experiences with environmental stimuli (Ormrod, 2011, p. 286) Special definition of learning Visible Stimulus/Response association KEY TERMS!! STIMULUS/RESPONSE CONDITIONING CONTIGUITY CLASSIC CONDITIONING INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING GENERALIZATION EXTINCTION REINFORCER (POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE) PUNISHMENT (PRESENTATION AND REMOVAL) ENCOURAGING POSITIVE BEHAVIOR Jonathan ENCOURAGING PRODUCTIVE BEHAVIORS Terminal Behavior- Form and frequency of a desired response that a teacher hope to foster through reinforcement B.F. Skinner USING REINFORCEMENT EFFECTIVELY •Specify desired behaviors at the beginning. •Make sure that all students regularly receive reinforcement for desired behaviors. •Use extrinsic reinforces only when desired behaviors will not otherwise occur. •Determine whether particular “reinforcers” are truly reinforcing for students. USING REINFORCEMENT EFFECTIVELY (CONT.) •Make response-consequence contingencies explicit. •When you want to encourage the same behavior in a group of students, consider using a group contingency. •Administer reinforcement consistently until a desired behavior occurs at a desired rate. •Once a behavior is well established, wean students from extrinsic reinforcement, but do so very gradually. SHAPING NEW BEHAVIORS Shaping- Process of reinforcing successively closer and closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior 1) Reinforce any response that in some way resembles the terminal behavior. 2) Reinforce a response that more closely approximates the terminal behavior (while no longer reinforcing the previously reinforced response). 3) Reinforce a response that resembles the terminal behavior even more closely. 4) Continue reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the terminal behavior. 5) Reinforce only the terminal behavior. DISCOURAGING NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR Stephanie DISCOURAGING NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR Encourage Extinction Cues for Inappropriate Behavior Reinforce Alternative/Incompatible Behavior Use Punishment when Necessary STRATEGIES FOR PARTICULARLY DIFFICULT BEHAVIOR Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Functional Analysis Positive Behavioral Support (PBS) SCENARIOS, PROS & CONS A.J. & Shannon SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION OF SCENARIOS What would a behaviorist do in this situation? What do you think of the pros and cons of behaviorism in regards to your scenario? WHAT DO WE THINK? How does your scenario compare to others? What are the overall pros and cons of behaviorism? How should it be used and when should it be avoided? IMAGES OBTAINED FROM: http://www.jsu.edu/depart/psychology/sebac/Lab-People/jpeg/chamber1.jpg http://trtrifilo.com/SoftChalk%20Lessons/Learning_styles/behaviorism.jpg http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/stimresp.jpg http://artfiles.art.com/5/p/LRG/26/2629/KK6MD00Z/tim-laman-pair-ofmandarinfish-swim-close-together-prior-to-spawning-malapascua-islandphilippines.jpg http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/article s/health_tools/is_my_dog_normal_slideshow/jiu_rf_photo_of_drooling_chocolate _lab.jpg http://lindseyreadenobles.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/istock_000002580646sm all.jpg http://www.deaddino.org/storage/DeadDinosaurLOGO2.jpg http://hayjax.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/shiningtwins.jpg http://www.goprintgo.co.uk/images/sticke.jpg http://www.shermgrafik.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/8baeded0.gif http://cientifica.eu/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/dunce.png http://media.photobucket.com/image/lollipop/manderz-rox_09/lollipop-1.png WORKS CITED Steele, M.M. (2005, April 30). Teaching Students With Learning Disabilities: Constructivism Or Behaviorism? Current Issues in Education [Online], 8(10). Available: http://cie.ed.asu.edu/volume8/number10/ http://www.scumdoctor.com/psychology/behaviori sm/How-Education-Uses-Behaviorism.html