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EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE This guide is not necessarily comprehensive! Define the following terms, include their function and location. Remember that you must know the 'geography' to understand the question on the exam. 1. Photosynthesis and chemical Reaction 2. Pigments 3. Chlorophyll a 4. Chlorophyll b 5. Light dependent reaction 6. Light independent reaction 7. ATP synthase 8. Electron transfer chains 9. NADP+ 10. NADPH 11. Photosystem II (be very general, use your own words)…look in your lecture notes 12. Photosystem I (be very general, use your own words)… look in your lecture notes 13. Calvin-Benson cycle (same as Calvin cycle) (same as dark reaction) (same as light indep. Rxn.) 14. Photosynthetic autotrophs use _____ from the air as a carbon source and ______ as their energy source. 15. Heterotrophs use ______ from plants as their carbon source. 16. Light-dependent reactions in plants occur at the _______ a. thylakoid membrane b. plasma membrane c. stroma d. cytoplasm 17. In the light-dependent reactions _______ a. carbon dioxide is fixed b. ATP and NADPH form c. CO2 accepts electrons d. NADPH accepts electrons e. Oxygen accepts electrons f. sugars form 18. What accumulates inside the thylakoid compartment during the light-dependent reactions? a. glucose b. sugar c. carbohydrates d. hydrogen ions e. carbon dioxide f. carbon monoxide 19. Light-independent reactions proceed in the a. cytoplasm b. plasma membrane c. stroma d. mitochondria membrane 20. _______ is the reactant in the light dependent reaction, while ______ gas is the product. 21. ______ the energy molecule produced during the light dependent reaction is utilized to produce _______ in the light independent reaction. 22. The electron and hydrogen ion carrier molecule _______ gives up its electrons and hydrogen ions to directly form _______ in the light independent reaction. 23. The electron and hydrogen ion carrier molecule _______ gives up its electrons and hydrogen ions; which bond with ______ and ______ to form ______ in the light independent reaction. (This question is more specific than the one above, and it is in your textbook). 24. Once _______ gives up its electrons and hydrogen ions, ______ forms in the light independent reaction enabling this molecule to pick up _________ and ____________ in the light dependent reaction. 25. When ______ is formed in the light dependent reaction, its energy will be used to produce ________ in the light independent reaction leading to the formation of _______ and ______ to form. 26. ______ and _____ formed in the light independent reaction are bound together again in the light dependent reaction forming _______. 27. Molecules of the pigment ______________ are at the center of every photosystem. 28. The enzyme __________________ is involved in catalyzing the formation of ATP. 29. The increased concentration of Hydrogen ions inside the thylakoid compartment enable the formation of _________. 30. The light independent reaction is also known as the __________________ and __________________. 31. The _____________ produced in the light ____________ reaction immediately forms _____________ for storage. ESSAY: 32 a) Compare and contrast the light dependent reaction from the light independent reaction. 32 b). What happens to the sugar molecule produced from a plant once it enters our bodies? (Really think about this one). ???????? Define: 33. Mitosis 34. Chromosome 35. One chromatid 36. Sister chromatids 37. Prokaryotic fission (same as binary fission) 38. Centromere 39. Interphase 40. Prophase 41. Metaphase 42. Anaphase 43. Telophase I wonder what I would use the following for:…… :o) Please Make Another Cell Today Define: 44. G1 45. S 46. G2 47. Chromosome number 48. Diploid number 49. Haploid number 50. Bipolar mitotic spindle 51. Cleavage 52. Cell plate 53. Mitosis and division of the cytoplasm function in _____ a. asexual reproduction of single-celled eukaryotes b. growth, tissue repair, often asexual reproduction c. gamete formation in prokaryotes d. gamete formation in most eukaryotes e. A, and B 54. A duplicated chromosome has ________ chromatid (s) a. one b. two c. three d. four 55. The number of chromosomes is ___________. a. the sum of all chromosomes in cells of a given type b. an identifiable feature of each species c. maintained by mitosis d. all of the above 56. A somatic cell having two of each type of chromosome has a(n) _____ chromosome number. a. diploid b. haploid c. tetraploid d. abnormal 57. Interphase is the part of the cell cycle when _________. a. a cell ceases to function b. a germ cell forms its spindle apparatus c. a cell grows and duplicates its DNA d. mitosis proceeds 58. After mitosis, the chromosome number of a daughter cell is ______ the parent cell's. a. the same as b. one-half c. rearranged compared to d. doubled compared to 59. Only _______ is not a stage of mitosis. a. prophase b. interphase c. metaphase d. anaphase ESSAY: 60. Explain the entire process of MITOSIS in a human cell --Use the appropriate biological terms to describe this process and define each. Do include the purpose of mitosis…. Define: 61. Asexual reproduction 62. Sexual reproduction 63. Diploid number 64. Chromosome number 65. Homologous chromosomes 66. Haploid number Briefly describe what happens in each phase (Use the figures in your textbook) 67. Meiosis I 68. Prophase I 69. Metaphase I 70. Anaphase I 71. Telophase I 72. Meiosis II 73. Prophase II 74. Metaphase II 75. Anaphase II 76. Telophase II 77. Cytokenises 78. Crossing over ESSAY: 79. Describe the entire process of Meiosis -- Use all biological terms to describe this process. Do include the purpose of MEIOSIS. 80. Compare and contrast Mitosis vs. Meiosis. Define: (Use your own words so that you can remember these terms and concepts more effectively :o) 81. Cellular respiration 82. Glycolysis 83. Krebs cycle 84. Electron Transport System (same as Electron Transport Phosphorylation) 85. Mitochondria 86. ATP 87. Draw the reaction leading to ATP formation including the enzyme used in this process. 88. Draw the reaction where ATP is used as an energy source for a metabolic process. 89. Briefly describe how the chemiosmotic model is involved in the production of ATP. 90. To summarize, glycolysis converts the bond energy of glucose to bond energy of ______ a transportable form of energy. 91. The total # of ATP’s invested into the ‘investment phase’ of glycolysis is _______; while the total number of harvested ATP’S is _________. In turn, the total # of ATP produced from glycolysis is _______. 92. The first stage of aerobic respiration takes place during ___________ {glycolysis, Krebs cycle, or ETS} 93. The second stage of aerobic respiration takes place during ____________{glycolysis, Krebs cycle, or ETS} 94. The third stage of aerobic respiration takes place during _______ {glycolysis, Krebs cycle, or ETS} 95. Glycolysis starts in the _____________ of the cell, and ends in the ___________ of the cell. 96. The Krebs cycle starts in the ____________ and ends in the ___________. 97. The ETS begins in the _______________ and ends in the _____________. 98. The most significant molecule produced from the Krebs cycle is __________ along with FADH2. 99. Small amounts of ATP are produced during both _____________ and ____________ while the largest amount of ATP is produced in the __________. 100.THe product during anaerobic fermentation by yeast is commonly known as _______. 101.The term glycolysis specifically means ______________________________. 102. Inside the organelle ____________ aerobic respiration is completed. 103.The end-product produced during anaerobic fermentation by our muscle cells is specifically _______________________. 104. The total number of ATPs produced from either alcoholic or lactate fermentation is __________. ESSAY 105. Compare and contrast Alcoholic fermentation by yeasts vs. Lactic acid fermentation in our muscles. 106. Compare and contrast Aerobic respiration (also known as cellular respiration) vs. Photosynthesis. 107. Using pg. 120 of your textbook section 7.7 write a brief essay that connects both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.