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Learning Checkpoint ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS p. 16 1. An organelle is a structure in a cell that maintains the cell life processes, which include nutrient uptake, movement, growth, response to stimuli, exchange of gases, waste removal, and reproduction. 2. The function of the vacuole is to store nutrients, wastes, and other substances used by the cell. In plant cells, vacuoles store water to help the cells become firm. The function of vesicles is to transport materials throughout the cell. 3. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) carries materials throughout the cell. The rough ER is associated with making proteins. The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the ER and modifies, sorts, and packages these proteins for delivery throughout the cell or out of the cell. 4. The thylakoids act as solar collectors, collecting light energy from the Sun. This energy is used during photosynthesis to produce sugars. 5. Plant cells contain chloroplasts and cell walls. Plant cells also contain chlorophyll, a pigment that makes photosynthesis possible, and a large central vacuole; vacuoles in animal cells tend to be small. Some plant cells store energy in the form of starch or oils. Animal cells store energy in the form of glycogen. Some animal cells contain specialized compounds, such as hemoglobin in red blood cells. Animal cells contain centrioles that are involved in cell division.