Download Chapter 5 Spring 2017

BIO 220
Chapter 5 lecture outline
Metabolism definition
Collision theory
Enzymes
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
Enzyme characteristics
Catalysts
Induced fit vs lock-and-key
Composition
Specificity
Naming
-ase
Types of chemical reactions
Holoenzymes
Apoenzymes and cofactors
Types of cofactors
Factors that modulate enzyme activity (and thus reaction rate)
Temperature
pH
Substrate concentration
Inhibitors
Competitive vs. noncompetitive inhibition
Feedback inhibition
Energy production
Oxidation-reduction reactions
Mechanisms of ATP generation
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Photophosphorylation
Carbohydrate catabolism
Anaerobic vs. Aerobic respiration (cellular respiration)
Cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Transition reaction
Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Anaerobic metabolism
Fermentation
What about fats and proteins as an energy source?
Objective questions
1. What is an enzyme?
2. What are catabolic vs. anabolic reactions?
3. What is collision theory?
4. What is the energy of activation? How does an enzyme modify the energy of activation
of a reaction?
5. Describe the general structure and characteristics of an enzyme.
6. Explain the mechanism by which enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
7. Why would a particular enzyme be able to bind to only one or a small number of
substrates?
8. What is the function of each type of enzyme listed in table 5.1?
9. What is a cofactor? What is a coenzyme?
10. Describe how substrate concentrations, temperature, pH, and inhibitors can alter enzyme
activity and thus reaction rate.
11. What is the difference in how competitive vs. non-competitive inhibitors work?
12. What is the purpose of feedback inhibition in biochemical pathways? How does it work?
13. What does “ATP” stand for?
14. Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.
What is chemiosmosis?
15. Describe the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
16. What does ATP stand for? Describe its general structure.
17. What are the steps of aerobic cellular respiration? What happens in each step? What is
the starting molecule in each step? Where in the cell does each step occur? What is the
net yield of products for each of these pathways? How is cellular respiration different
between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
18. What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in ATP production? What do NADH and FADH2
stand for? In other words, be able to write out the proper scientific names for these
molecules.
19. How does ATP synthase make ATP? In which “step” of cellular respiration does the
synthase operate?
20. Which step of cellular respiration is most efficient at ATP production?
21. What is fermentation? Are fermentation and anaerobic respiration the same process?
When/why would fermentation be used to make ATP? Anaerobic respiration? Describe
lactic acid and alcohol fermentation. How does fermentation compare with cellular
respiration and anaerobic respiration in terms of ATP production?
22. How can fat and protein catabolism contribute to ATP production?