Download Modern Biology (I) First Midterm (10/24/2007)

Modern Biology (I)
First Midterm (10/24/2007)
Multiple Choice (單選題) 每題 2 分
1. Researchers working on nitric oxide met with resistance to the hypothesis that NO served as a
signaling molecule because it ______.
a.
can be produced from nitroglycerin
b. is potentially toxic
c.
can be synthesized by bacteria
d. is a gas
2.
It is the number of _______ that determines what kind of element an atom is.
a.
valence electrons
b. total electrons
c.
protons in the nucleus
d. neutrons in the nucleus
3. Chemical bonding results from interactions of _______ of two atoms.
a.
protons in the atomic nuclei
b. neutrons in the atomic nuclei
c.
electrons in the outer atomic shells
d. electrons in the inner atomic shells
4. Sodium chloride in a water solution differs from the solid crystal in that ONLY in the
solution _______.
a. are the sodium and chloride held together by shared electrons
b. are the sodium and chloride ions surrounded by water molecules
c. do the sodium and chloride ions have 8 electrons in their outermost electron shells
d. do the sodium and chloride ions have equal but opposite charges
5. In water, cohesion creates _____.
a.
high rates of evaporation
c.
high freezing temperatures
b.
d.
high surface tension
low boiling temperatures
6. The oceans help to moderate extremes of temperature in the Earth's climate.
of water is responsible for this function?
a.
high heat capacity
b. high surface tension
c.
low heat capacity
d. low surface tension
7.
What property
When an amphipathic compound is mixed with water ______.
a. each individual molecule is surrounded by a layer of water molecules
b. the hydrophobic parts associate with water and the hydrophilic parts remain together
c. the hydrophilic parts associate with water and the hydrophobic parts remain together
d. the water excludes the compound, which is generally found as a drop on the water surface
8. Prion disease damages the brain by ______.
a. subverting neural cell nuclei to produce prion nucleic acid
b. mutating a cell’s genes so that they code for prion proteins
c. forcing the neural cells to synthesize prion proteins from prion message
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d. refolding one of the cell's normal proteins into a disease-causing form
9. Phospholipids, fats, and steroids are all classified as lipids because they ALL ______.
a.
include at least two fatty acids in their structures
b.
are soluble in solvents such as gasoline or oil
c.
contain an interlocking ring structure
d.
have at least one phosphate group
10. Compared to fats containing saturated fatty acids, fats containing unsaturated fatty acids will
______.
a.
melt at a lower temperature
b.
contain more calories per molecule
c.
show significantly greater water solubility
d.
have one more fatty acid attached to each glycerol
11. The major carbohydrate energy storage molecule in animals is _____.
a.
starch
b. glycogen
c. cellulose
d. glucose
12. The backbone of a nucleic acid molecule is formed by the _____ and the _______.
a.
bases;
sugars
b. bases;
phosphates
c.
sugars; phosphates
d. sugars; bases
13. The subunits of both proteins and nucleic acids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
However, ONLY amino acids can have _____ atoms in their structure. In contrast,
nucleotides, but not amino acids, have _____.
a.
sulfur; phosphate
b. nitrogen;
sulfur
c.
nitrogen;
phosphate
d. sulfur; nitrogen
14. The individual character of each amino acid is determined by _____.
a.
whether or not the amino acid contains an amino group
b.
whether or not the amino acid contains a carboxyl group
c.
the properties of the side chains
d.
the orientation of the alpha carbon
15. The biological role of a protein depends on _____.
a.
other protein molecules with which it is associated
b.
its three-dimensional shape
c.
its sequence of amino acids
d. all of the above
16. A high-energy bond is one that _______.
a. gives up energy to form more-stable, low-energy bonds
b. gives up energy to form less-stable, low-energy bonds
c. requires a large amount of energy to hold together
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d. requires a large amount of energy to give off heat
17. Which of the following would not be an example of kinetic energy?
a.
a person running
b. a car moving at 5 miles per hour
c.
a tornado
d. All of these are examples of kinetic energy.
18. Which of the following describes a situation that violates the Second Law of
Thermodynamics?
a. Enzymes couple the breakdown of ATP to the synthesis of large highly-ordered polymers.
b. A small child (under duress) sorts her rock collection into groups ordered by hardness.
c. A low-friction machine runs indefinitely in an isolated system.
d. Phospholipid molecules spontaneously assemble into a bilayered membrane.
19. If ATP transfers energy to a muscle protein, the total of the energy released from the ATP
______.
a.
can be used by the muscle to perform work
b.
will include energy used to do work and energy released as heat
c.
will be released as heat
d.
will include energy used to do work and energy that is destroyed in the transfer
20. Which of the following is NOT changed by the activity of an enzyme during a chemical
reaction?
a.
the relative concentrations of reactant and product at equilibrium
b.
the activation energy of a reaction
c.
the entropy of the universe
d.
the precise conformation of either reactants or products
21. Enzymes promote endergonic reactions by _______.
a.
changing the equilibrium constant of a reaction
b.
stressing the reactants into the transition state
c.
permitting forward, but not reverse, reactions
d.
coupling them to exergonic reactions
22. Allosteric inhibitors interfere with the function of an enzyme by _____.
a.
altering the shape of the enzyme
b. occupying the active site
c.
hydrolyzing ATP, thus cutting off the energy supply
d.
raising the temperature of the solution
23. Which of the following is NOT one of the four stages of cellular respiration?
a.
glycolysis
b. oxidative phosphorylation
c.
release of CO2 from pyruvate
d.
All of these are part of cellular respiration
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24. In addition to its role as an intermediate in cellular respiration, acetyl-CoA plays a direct role
in the synthesis of _______.
a. glucose
b.
fatty acids
c.
ribose
d.
pyruvate
25. Of the six carbons in glucose, two are removed during ______ and four are removed during
_______.
a.
glycolysis;
the production of acetyl-CoA
b.
glycolysis;
the citric acid cycle
c.
the production of acetyl-CoA;
the citric acid cycle
d.
the production of acetyl CoA;
glycolysis
26. Oxidative phosphorylation makes use of high-energy phosphate bonds to form __________.
a.
FADH2 from FAD
b. ATP from ADP
c.
H2O from O2
d. NADH from NAD+
27. Most of the ATP generated by living systems is made by a variant of chemiosmotic synthesis.
The ATP made in this way gets its energy most directly from ________.
a.
the high-energy phosphate bond in another compound
b. FADH2
c.
NADPH
d. the proton gradient across a membrane
28. During the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP in mitochondria, the pH gradient across the
membrane is generated as _______.
a. electrons flow down the series of electron carriers
b. membrane permeability increases
c. CO2 is reduced
d. ATP is synthesized
29. Which of the following does NOT take place during the conversion of pyruvate to
acetyl-CoA?
b. A two-carbon acetyl group joins to Coenzyme A.
a.
NAD+ is reduced.
c.
ATP is synthesized.
d. CO2 is released.
30. Adenine and cytosine are _______.
a.
pyrimidine bases
b.
c.
a pyrimidine and a purine base, respectively
d.
a purine and a pyrimidine base, respectively
purine bases
31. DNA is sometimes described as a "twisted ladder." In this description, the rungs of the
ladder are made up of _____ and the side supports by ______.
a.
deoxyribose; phosphates bonded to bases
b.
deoxyribose bonded to phosphate; base pairs
c.
deoxyribose bonded to bases;
phosphates
d.
base pairs;
deoxyribose bonded to phosphate
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32. The X-ray crystallographic data generated by Rosalind Franklin indicated that DNA
_______.
a. is composed of two long parallel chains running in opposite directions
b. contains equal numbers of A's and T's, and equal numbers of G's and C's
c. is the carrier of hereditary information
d. replicates by separating into two stands, and then copying the separated strands
33. The red oxygen-binding protein of the blood is called _______.
a.
fibrinogen
b. albumin
c.
collagen
d. Hemoglobin
34. The first evidence that DNA and not protein was the genetic material came from Avery’s
experiments showing that ______.
a. streptococcal infections are more virulent when the bacteria have a polysaccharide coat
b. DNAse, but not protease, prevents dead bacteria from transforming live bacteria
c. DNA is a very long helix composed of two strands
d. genes are associated with chromosomes
35. During DNA synthesis, one strand is synthesized ______ and the complementary strand is
synthesized ______.
a.
3’ to 5’; 5’ to 3’
b. 3’ to 5’; 3’ to 5’
c.
5’ to 3’; 3’ to 5’
d. 5’ to 3’; 5’ to 3’
36. When Robin Warren informed Barry Marshall that many ulcer patients have bacterial
infections in their stomachs, Marshall hypothesized that bacteria might cause stomach ulcers.
What was the observation that led to this hypothesis?
a. He infected himself with bacteria cultured from a patient.
b. He examined biopsies of many people with stomach problems.
c. He treated ulcer sufferers with a potent antibiotic.
d. He tested the effectiveness of antacids on slowing bacterial growth.
37. A hypothesis that is scientifically valuable is one that is _______.
a. true, correctly describing reality
b. complex enough to explain a complete set of data
c. capable of being tested
d. understandable only to those with scientific training
38. Biologists divide organisms into three large categories called _______.
a. domain
b. kingdom
c. ecosystem
d. community
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39. Homeostasis is ______.
a. refusing to adapt to fluctuating conditions
b. giving off energy
c. retaining an original phenotype over millions of years
d. stabilizing the internal environment in a changing external environment
40. Which of the following is NOT a necessary characteristic of living organisms?
a. composed of a cell or cells
b. capable of using oxygen
c. able to reproduce
d. respond to changes in the environment
41. All cells have a _________ to separate them from the environment.
a.
nucleus
b. wall
c. cholesterol
d. membrane
42. Members of the Kingdom Protista are __________ and generally _________.
a.
eukaryotic; unicellular
b. eukaryotic; multicellular
c.
prokaryotic; unicellular
d. prokaryotic; multicellular
43. Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells both have _____________.
a.
complex multicellular forms
b.
mitochondria
c
a common ancestor
d.
nuclei
44. Which of the following organisms is a protist?
a.
round worm
b.
yeast
c.
slime mold
d.
ferm
45. _____________ allows living organisms to fit for a particular environment.
a.
Emerging property
b. Adaptation
c.
Reproduction
d. Genetic
46. Which 19th century physician proposed that all cells come from existing cells?
a.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
b. Jonathan Singer
c.
Robert Hooke
d. Rudolph Virchow
47. Which of following is NOT part of the Cell Theory?
a. All cells contain inheritable materials.
b. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
c. Cells are the basic living unit of organization.
d. Cells come from other cells.
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48. Which of the following structures can be found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?
a. DNA
b. Plasma membranes
c. Cytoskeleton
d. All of above
49. Rough endoplasmic reticulum differs from smooth endoplasmic reticulum in that only the
rough has _________________.
a. ribosomes
b. a maze-like lumen
c. chromatin
d. phospholipids
50. The cell organelle that contains enzymes that break down various aged, mutated and/or
damaged macromolecules is the ______________.
a. nucleus
b. lysosome
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. Golgi complex
51. The cell organelle found in both plants and animals that is surrounded by a double membrane
is the _____________.
a.
lysosome
b. chloroplast
c.
peroxisome
d. mitochondrion
52. Which of following is NOT the function of cytoskeleton?
a.
Maintain the shape of cells
b. Form the main structure of flagellum
c.
Metabolism
d. Act as intracellular tracking network
53. During osmosis _____________ moves across the cell membrane.
a.
potassium
b. water
c.
glucose
d. protein
54. From the following list choose the one item that is NOT one of the main functions of cellular
membranes.
a. Membranes participate in energy conversions.
b. Membranes serve as the synthesis site for DNA.
c. Membranes regulate the contents of the spaces they enclose.
d. Membranes are boundaries that separate the inside of the cell from the outside.
55. Which of the following mechanisms of membrane transport requires the expenditure of ATP?
a.
facilitated diffusion
b.
osmosis
c.
active transport
d.
simple diffusion
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Modern Biology (I)
First Midterm (10/24/2007)
Answer
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d
c
c
b
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c
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b
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b
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b
a
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a
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b
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a
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b
d
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b
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a
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d
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