Download Reproduction and Evolution Exam

Reproduction and Evolution Exam
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which of the following is NOT associated with meiosis?
a. sexual reproduction
b. somatic cells
c. germ cells
d. sperm and egg
e. reduction of number of chromosomes
2. All of the slightly different molecular forms of a gene are called
a. gametes.
b. alleles.
c. autosomes.
d. loci.
e. homologues.
3. Diploid organisms
a. are usually the result of the fusion of two haploid gametes.
b. have corresponding alleles on homologous chromosomes.
c. have two sets of chromosomes.
d. have pairs of homologous chromosomes.
e. all of these
4. Cells with two of each kind of chromosome are described by the term
a. haploid.
b. triploid.
c. polyploid.
d. diploid.
e. tetraploid.
5. Which of the following is NOT true of asexual reproduction?
a. Budding is one type of asexual reproduction.
b. It promotes genetic variation in each successive generation.
c. The offspring are genetically identical to the parents.
d. It results in offspring that are identical to each other.
e. It is more suitable for reproduction in animals in stable environments.
6. The pink color obtained from crossing red and white snapdragons is an example of
a. incomplete dominance.
b. multiple alleles and codominance.
c. multiple alleles.
d. pleiotropy.
e. codominance.
7. Eye and skin color are examples of
a. multiple alleles.
b. codominance.
c. incomplete dominance.
d. pleiotropy.
e. continuous variation
8. The reason for the darker fur on the tail, ears, nose, and legs of a Siamese cat is
a. incomplete dominance.
b. epistasis.
c. quantitative inheritance.
d. the interaction of the environment with gene expression.
e. none of these
9. Typical methods of asexual reproduction include which of the following?
a. Budding
b. Spontaneous fission
c. Parthenogensis
d. Propagation
e. all of the above.
10. Sessile (non-motile) aquatic organisms
a. can only reproduce asexually
b. produce few offspring
c. are often broadcast spawners
d. allocate few resources toward gamete production
e. invest most resources toward finding mates
11. The costs of sexual reproduction include ____.
a. producing gametes
b. attracting and keeping a mate
c. nourishing developing young
d. all of the choices
12. Which animals give birth to fully developed offspring?
a. viviparous
b. gametophytes
c. oviparous
d. ovo-viviparous
13. Monoeocious plants
a. cannot produce sex cells
b. are smaller than dieocious plants
c. produce only microspores
d. arise from cells within the flowers of other plants
e. have both male AND female flowers on the same plant
14. K-selected species exhibit
a. all of the above
b. larger body size
c. delayed and repeated reproduction, but produce few offspring
d. slower development
e. long life spans
15. Organisms who’s life histories are termed “r-selected”
a. exhibit high reproductive rates and rapid development
b. are typically small and short-lived
c. produce large numbers of offspring and provide minimal parental care
d. inhabit unstable/unpredictable environments
e. all of these
16. A reproductive strategy in which an animal expends all of it’s energy in one suicidal event is
a. budding
b. hermaphroditism
c. parthenogenesis.
d. semelparity
e. iteroparity
17. If meiosis did NOT occur in sexually reproducing organisms,
a. mitosis would be sufficient.
b. eggs would be haploid, but sperm would be diploid.
c. growth of the zygote would be halted.
d. the chromosome number would double in each generation.
e. gametes would be haploid.
18. Sexual reproduction
a. requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.
b. produces genetic clones.
c. results in new combinations of genetic traits.
d. leads to uniform characteristics in a population.
e. produces genetic clones and requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.
19. Different, or alternative, forms of the same gene are found on _______ chromosomes.
a. chromatids.
b. alleles.
c. homologous.
d. mutants.
e. genetomorphs.
20. Which of these statements is TRUE?
a. Environment can readily alter some genotypes.
b. Phenotype is seen physically in the allotype.
c. Phenotype is the physical manifestation of genotype.
d. Variation dies with individuals.
e. Genetic variation is easier seen than phenotypic variation.
21. New combinations of genes may be produced by
a. crossing over.
b. sexual reproduction.
c. mutation.
d. immigration.
e. all of these
22. Which of the following is NOT a major process of microevolution?
a. natural selection
b. gene flow
c. mutation
d. divergence
e. genetic drift
23. Whether a mutation is ultimately considered harmful, neutral, or lethal is often determined by
a. environment.
b. the Hardy-Weinberg formula.
c. fate.
d. the will of the individual.
e. phenotype.
24. An insect that exhibits resistance to a pesticide
a. mutated when exposed to the pesticide.
b. developed the resistance in response to the pesticide.
c. inherited genes that made it resistant to the pesticide.
d. none of these
e. all of these
25. The persistence of the sickle-cell anemia allele in the African population is the result of
a. the advantage of the heterozygous form over the homozygous forms.
b. a decline in the occurrence of malaria in Africa.
c. a high rate of mutation of the normal allele to the sickle-cell anemia allele.
d. nonrandom mating.
e. interbreeding.
26. The difference in the appearance of the male and the female is known as
a. polymorphism.
b. the monoecious condition.
c. the dioecious condition.
d. a primary sexual characteristic.
e. sexual dimorphism.
27. The evolutionary force that operates primarily through chance is
a. isolation.
b. genetic drift.
c. sexual dimorphism.
d. mating preference.
e. natural selection.
28. The introduction of a small population onto an island that results in a limited gene pool for a population is an
example of
a. the bottleneck effect.
b. the effect of genetic isolation.
c. genetic drift.
d. the founder principle.
e. the Hardy-Weinberg law.
29. When a population goes through a bottleneck,
a. population numbers increase.
b. natural selection decreases in intensity.
c. extinction rates decrease.
d. genetic drift is pronounced.
e. mutation rates increase.
30. Gene flow
a. makes adjacent populations more similar.
b. acts to prevent speciation.
c. is a microevolutionary process.
d. counteracts the effects of mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift.
e. all of these
31. Which of the following serve as examples of morphological convergence?
a. apes and monkeys
b. panthers and tigers
c. sharks, skates, and rays
d. mice, rats, and gerbils
e. bats, birds, and insects
32. Evolutionary relationships, when determined solely by the study of comparative morphology, may be due to
a. extinction.
b. morphological convergence.
c. adaptive radiation.
d. morphological divergence.
e. homology.
33. Which of the following structures are analogous but NOT homologous to each other?
a. the flipper of an aquatic animal and the arm of a human
b. wing of a bird and the wing of a butterfly
c. the dewclaw of a dog and the little toe of a human
d. bones of the wing of a bird and the bones of the wing of a bat
e. All of these are analogous but not homologous.
34. The study of comparative embryology has revealed the conservative nature of the genes responsible for
a. embryonic development.
b. size.
c. food procurement.
d. reproductive behavior.
e. intelligence.
35. The concept of a molecular clock is based on the idea that
a. speciation is a rapid event.
b. neutral mutations occur at regular rates.
c. cytochrome c is very similar in primates.
d. radioactive isotopes decay at a constant rate.
e. genetic relatedness can be determined by timing antibody-antigen reactions.
36. Which of the following is NOT a useful indicator of phylogenetic relatedness?
a. similar embryonic development
b. similar ecological requirements
c. amino acid sequences in a protein
d. base sequences in DNA
e. morphological divergence
37. Comparisons of protein similarity between species can reveal the degree of genetic kinship because
a. protein can be hybridized with DNA.
b. the number of protein variations is limited.
c. specific amino acids are dictated by known nucleotide sequences.
d. DNA is made by directions stored in proteins.
e. gel electrophoresis converts proteins to nucleotides.
38. DNA-DNA hybridization studies
a. can be done using a simple tissue homogenizer and computer-assisted analysis.
b. depend upon determining the exact sequence of nucleotides in a gene.
c. involve generating new nucleotide sequences by using ultracentrifugation.
d. give little clue as to how genes mutate.
e. measure the amount of heat necessary to separate two single strands of DNA that have
been allowed to fuse together.
39. A species is composed of
a. populations that have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
b. related organisms.
c. all males and females in the same geographical range with the same ecological
requirements.
d. a group of reproductive females.
e. organisms located in the same habitat.
40. Two individuals are members of the same species if they
a. are phenotypically indistinguishable.
b. possess the same number of chromosomes.
c. can mate and produce fertile offspring.
d. live together.
e. breed at the same time.
41. Complete reproductive isolation is evidence that what has occurred?
a. gene flow
b. polyploidy
c. hybridization
d. extinction
e. speciation
42. The 13-year and 17-year cicadas are isolated by
a. behavior.
b. space.
c. time.
d. gamete incompatibility.
e. incompatibility of reproductive body parts.
43. Allopatric speciation requires
a. gradual evolutionary changes.
b. geographic isolation or physical barriers.
c. polyploidy.
d. inbreeding.
e. adaptive radiation.
44. The greatest contributor(s) to allopatric isolation is (are)
a. geographical barriers.
b. behavioral peculiarities.
c. differences in reproductive timing.
d. hybrid inviability.
e. gametic incompatibility.
45. Sympatric speciation occurs
a. rapidly.
b. gradually and in the same homeland.
c. in the same homeland.
d. gradually.
e. rapidly and in the same homeland.
46. Parapatric speciation would be expected to occur most often
a. across obvious geographical barriers.
b. in the same homeland.
c. by divergence from a common interbreeding population.
d. near a common border between two populations.
e. within a group of interbreeding populations.
Short Answer
Exhibit 12-1
47. "Stabilizing selection" is depicted in the diagram labeled with the letter _?_.
48. The illustration designated with the letter "A" shows selection against
a. light-colored butterflies.
b. tasty butterflies.
c. bad-tasting butterflies.
d. noncompetition.
e. dark-colored butterflies.
49. If the results of a biology exam showed a "bimodal curve," it would resemble the illustration at letter _?_.
50. "Directional selection" is depicted in the diagram labeled with the letter _?_.