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Grade 9 Science Date_____________ Biological Diversity Study Guide Unit Final Exam Test Questions - Multiple Choice (35), Numerical Response (5) and Short Answer (1) Review your vocabulary for each Topic. Topic 1: Biological Diversity and Survival - Definition of biological diversity - Variations (within species and between species) - Why is important to maintain biological diversity? - Definition of species - What are structural and behavioral adaptations? - Diversity Index (What is it and explain how it is calculated?) Topic 2: Habitat and Lifestyle - Competition and coexistence - Niche (know the definition) o Broad Niche - generalists o Narrow Niche - specialists - Symbiotic relationships (mutualism, parasitism and commensalisms) Topic 3: Passing It On - difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction (advantages and disadvantages) - Asexual Reproduction o Binary fission o Asexual spores o Budding o Vegetative reproduction (meristem) o Cloning - Sexual reproduction plants and animals o Bacterial conjugation Topic 4: Wearing Your Genes - Continuous and Discrete Variation (What is it and examples) - Nature vs. Nurture Debate (What is it? Identical Twin studies) - Dominant and Recessive Traits - Punnett Squares (gene-pair combinations) Topic 5: When Plans Change - DNA (What is it? Where is it found? What is a mutation? How does it occur? What can the results be? Cancer cells are caused by?) - Chromosomes (What is it? Where is found? How many in the regular body cells? How many in sex cells?) - Mitosis (occurs where? Results in how many cells? What happens to the number of chromosomes?) - Meiosis (Occurs where? Results in how many cells? What happens to the number of chromosomes?) - Gene (What is It? Where is it found?) - Life cycle of humans (Know cycle and names of cells at various stages) - Genetic engineering (What is it?) Topic 6: The Best Selection - Artificial Selection (Selective Breeding_ - Natural selection (Galapagos Islands – Charles Darwin, Peppered/Speckled Moths) - Mimicry (What is it? Examples-Viceroy and Monarch Butterfly) Topic 7: the Sixth Extinction - Bioindicator Species (Definition and examples) - The sixth extinction (What is it? What is causing it?) - How are humans impacting biodiversity? (Know cause and be able to explain) - non-native species (introduced species) Topic 8: Pains and Gains - Functions of zoos and seed banks in protecting biodiversity