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Ch.6 Learning Section 1: Classical Conditioning Fill in the word (or words) that best completes each statement. NAME: DATE: PERIOD: 1. A _________________________ is something that produces a reaction. 2. Classical _________________________ is a simple form of learning in which one stimulus comes to call forth the response that is usually associated with a different stimulus. 3. Russian physiologist Ivan ____________________ discovered that dogs can learn to associate one thing with another when food is involved. 4. A taste ____________________ is a learned avoidance of a particular food. 5. In what psychologists have termed spontaneous ____________________ organisms sometimes display responses that were extinguished earlier. 6. ____________________ is the act of responding in the same ways to stimuli that seem to be similar, even if the stimuli are not identical. 7. ____________________ is the act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other. 8. In the method called ____________________, a person is exposed to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished. 9. One method of overcoming fears is systematic ____________________ in which people are taught relaxation techniques. 10. In ____________________, a pleasant stimulus is paired repeatedly with a fearful one. Section 2: Operant Conditioning 1._________________________ type of learning in which people learn to do certain things because of the results of what they do 2._________________________ a secret war weapon that was never built 3._________________________ the process by which a stimulus increases the chances that the preceding behavior will occur again 4._________________________ reinforcers that function due to the biological makeup of the organism 5._________________________ reinforcers that initially acquire their value through being paired with established reinforcers 6._________________________ reinforcers that increase the frequency of the behavior they follow 7._________________________ reinforcers that increase the frequency of the behavior they follow when they are removed 8._________________________ the reinforcement of a behavior every time the behavior occurs 9._________________________ the reinforcement of a behavior only some of the time 10._________________________ a way of teaching complex behaviors in which one first reinforces small steps in the right direction Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.