* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download File - Ms. Thresher
Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship wikipedia , lookup
Bullying and emotional intelligence wikipedia , lookup
Prosocial behavior wikipedia , lookup
Cross-cultural psychology wikipedia , lookup
Social psychology wikipedia , lookup
Observational methods in psychology wikipedia , lookup
History of psychology wikipedia , lookup
Conservation psychology wikipedia , lookup
Symbolic behavior wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Organizational behavior wikipedia , lookup
Parent management training wikipedia , lookup
Thin-slicing wikipedia , lookup
Behavioral modernity wikipedia , lookup
Transtheoretical model wikipedia , lookup
Applied behavior analysis wikipedia , lookup
Abnormal psychology wikipedia , lookup
Theory of planned behavior wikipedia , lookup
Adherence management coaching wikipedia , lookup
Attribution (psychology) wikipedia , lookup
Insufficient justification wikipedia , lookup
Theory of reasoned action wikipedia , lookup
Social cognitive theory wikipedia , lookup
Descriptive psychology wikipedia , lookup
Behavior analysis of child development wikipedia , lookup
Psychological behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Verbal Behavior wikipedia , lookup
BIOGRAPHY Born in Pennsylvania in 1904, psychologist B.F. Skinner began working on ideas of human behavior after earning his doctorate from Harvard. Skinner's works include The Behavior of Organisms (1938) and a novel based on his theories Walden Two (1948). He explored behaviorism in relation to society in later books, including Beyond Freedom and Human Dignity (1971). Skinner died in Massachusetts in 1990. B.F Skinner By: Yusuf Abdi "Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten” SCHOOL OF THOUGHT Operant Conditioning Skinner thought all animal and human behavior was linked to rewards or reinforcers. He came up with the S-R-C (StimulusResponse- Consequence) model. He thought all behavior was guided by consequences. He thought behavior was objective and could be chosen by the individual. He also thought rewarding someone when they acted in a favorable manner that was close to the desired act could shape behavior. A way to achieve this is through positive reinforcers and punishment. A positive reinforcer would be telling someone thank you or perhaps a hug or kiss when a child does a desirable behavior. Punishment would be given when a child misbehaves. The negative reinforcer maybe cleaning their room or doing the dishes. B.F. Skinner is famous for his research on operant conditioning and negative reinforcement. He developed a device called the "cumulative recorder," which showed rates of responding as a sloped line. Using this device, he found that behavior did not depend on the preceding stimulus as Watson and Pavlov maintained. Instead, Skinner found that behaviors were dependent upon what happens after the response. Skinner called Reinforcement To ensure the behavior is repeated. Negative: something is taken e.g Bedtime Positive: something is given e.g Money Punishment To ensure behavior is not repeated Negative: something is taken e.g cell phone Positive: something is given extra homework Lasting Discoveries Skinner’s is a well talked-about member of the behaviorism field. Behaviorism is broken down into three claims. The first claim being that psychology is not the science of the mind but the science of behavior. Many parents and teachers use his methods till this day. Criticism and Problems B.F Skinner believed that modern science of psychology looked for the causes of behavior in the wrong place, and was therefore fundamentally in error. However we no longer believe in that, we believe in human nature. In today's psychology, and indeed in the larger culture, we do not even question the idea that action stems from inner intentions, purposes, and goals.