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 Behaviorism
 Neo
Behaviorism
 Sociobehaviorism
 The
neo-behaviorists agreed on 3 main
points
 What
is operationism?

He developed “purposive
behaviorism”
 Tolman’s
work foreshadows modern
cognitive psychology.

Hull sought to describe
behavior with a large set of
mathematical equations.
 Hull
believed that “motivation was a state
of bodily need that arose from a deviation
from optimal biological conditions.”

The most influential of the
neobehaviorists
 Wrote
The Behavior of Organisms (1938)
 Skinner’s
system is in many ways similar
to Watson’s.
 Skinner
studied operant conditioning.
 Consequences, like
reinforcement, can
be presented on a variety of schedules;
 Skinner
was involved in a variety of
projects that applied his system, some of
which gave him notoriety.
 Skinner
also wrote a novel, Walden Two
(1948), which was a description of a
utopian commune built using Skinner’s
behaviorism.

The third stage of
behaviorism
(sociobehaviorism)
incorporates mental or
cognitive processes, which
is in stark contrast to
Skinner’s system.

Bandura did research on the idea of selfefficacy (our estimates of our own
competence), which has received much
support.

Another sociobehaviorist is
Julian Rotter, who was “the
first psychologist to use the
term ‘social learning
theory’
 Rotter
developed the idea of locus of
control
 Behaviorism
is still strong in
contemporary psychology, but the
behaviorism that is strongest is that of
Bandura, Rotter, and others that include
intervening variables. Skinner’s radical
behaviorism “peaked in the 1980’s and
declined after Skinner’s death in 1990.”