Download Light RXNS: 1. What is the key event that starts off light reactions? 2.

Light RXNS: 1. What is the key event that starts off light reactions? 2. Where do the electrons come from that are initially transported along the light reaction pathway? 3. Name the seven intramembrane proteins/molecules that are involved in light reactions. 4. What is built up as a result of light reactions? 5. Theoretically, if ferredoxin is not functioning, what will light reactions produce; what will light reactions fail to produce? 6. Describe a thylakoid that produced only NADPH and no ATP. Your description should be in terms of trans/intramembrane molecules and protein complexes. Calvin Cycle: 1. What three input (molecules) are required for the Calvin Cycle reactions to occur? 2. What is the final product of the Calvin Cycle? 3. What are the names of the three Calvin Cycle phases? 4. How many CO2 molecules must go into the Calvin Cycle in order to net 1 G3P molecule? 5. Let’s say that you look deep into a plant cell and observe a particular chloroplast that is converting 120 3-­‐phosphoglycerate molecules into 120 glyceraldehyde-­‐3-­‐phosphate molecules every second. How many glucose molecules could result after 1 hour? 6. Where does most of the biomass of a tree come from: (a) water, (b) soil, (c) air, (d) light. Use your knowledge of the Calvin Cycle to justify your answer. Glycolysis: 1. What is the main reactant of glycolysis? 2. What is consumed in the energy investment phase of and what is produced in the energy production phase of glycolysis (per glucose molecule)? 3. What is the carbon product of glycolysis? 4. Write out an overview of glycolysis; be sure to track the carbon atoms and phosphate groups and show where energy is used/made. 5. If you could change the glycolysis reaction so that it results in more energy being produced, would you change it so that it produces 10x as much NADH (i.e. 20 NADH per glucose), OR would you change it so that it produces 20x as much ATP (i.e. 40 ATP per glucose)? Krebs Cycle 1. Describe pyruvate processing. 2. What are the three energy rich molecules that are created by the Krebs Cycle? How many of each is made when one molecule of glucose is catabolized? When pyruvate enters the mitochondrion, what two molecules does it become? 3. How are the Krebs Cycle and the Calvin Cycle related in terms of energy molecules and carbon inputs/outputs? How many NADH and FADH2 molecules are made when one molecule of glucose is catabolized? 4. How are the Krebs Cycle and the Calvin Cycle related? Can one occur without the other? If so, which one. If not, why not. 5. When anaerobic respiration occurs, there is not enough oxygen to complete the electron transport chain of cellular respiration. Under these conditions, would the Krebs cycle still occur? Why or why not? The Electron Transport Chain 1. Name the four membrane complexes and two electron carriers in the electron transport chain. 2. How many protons are pumped into the transmembrane space per molecule of NADH and how many protons are pumped into the transmembrane space per molecule of FADH2? 3. Where do the electrons come from that are transported down the electron transport chain? 4. [Calculate] How many protons are pumped into the intermembrane space from the catabolism of one glucose molecule? (Assume ATP synthase can make 1 ATP from the motive force of 3.5 protons). 5. If you had to remove one of the membrane components involved in the electron transport chain, which would you remove? Why? (assume that you still want to produce the maximum amount of energy) 6. What is the difference between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation? How are they similar? In what processes does each occur? Fermentation: 1. When an athlete feels the burn what molecule is building up in their muscle cells. What does the athlete need more of to stop this from occurring? 2. What molecule is converted to lactate during lactic acid fermentation? 3. How do lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation differ? 4. When an athlete hits the wall what molecule are they missing the most? (not related to fermentation) 5. Compare the efficiency of ATP production in lactic acid fermentation to ATP production in: (a) glycolysis, (b) the Krebs Cycle and (c) the ETC.