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Chapter 9
Cellular Respiration
Heterotrophs Vs. Autotrophs
Autotrophs/ Producers-Make Their
Own Food Using the sun’s energy
(i.e. Plants)
Heterotrophs/ Consumers-Obtain
Energy From the food they eat (i.e.
Animals)
Production of Energy in heterotrophs
Cellular Respiration – Process by which
living organisms harvest energy from
food they eat.
C6H12O6 + O2 -> H2O + CO2 + energy(ATP)
Do you notice anything about this
equation?
Forms of Respiration
Oxygen gas makes the production of
ATP very efficient. Although it is not
required all of the time.
Anaerobic respiration – The process
of making ATP without the use of
Oxygen.
Aerobic respiration – The process of
making ATP with the use of Oxygen.
Cell Respiration Flow Chart
Glycolysis
Glycolysis – Break down
of sugar in the
cytoplasm.
Glucose -> 2 pyruvates
2 ATP used
+ 4 ATP made
2 net ATP made
Stage 2: Krebs Cycle
The Krebs Cycle AKA The Citric Acid Cycle is
a form of Aerobic Respiration.
The Krebs Cycle requires the pyruvate and
an NADH from Glycolysis, a CO2, and a
molecule called Acetyl-CoA which is made
from 1 pyruvate once it releases a CO2
molecule.
Take home message!
For each pyruvate made
2
3
1
1
CO2 molecules are produced.
NADH molecules produced.
FADH2 molecule is made.
ATP molecule is made.
How many ATP molecules are made
per Glucose molecule?
E.T.C.
Between Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle only
4 ATP molecules in total are made.
Our body needs a total of about 36-38 ATP
molecules.
The rest come from an electron transport
chain that gets the remaining energy from
NADH & FADH2.
The ETC also produces 2 water molecules that
are released.
The ETC makes a total of about 32-34 ATP.
O2 is the final e- acceptor.
E.T.C.
Anaerobic Respiration
Fermentation – A form of anaerobic
Respiration that uses leftover NAD+ to
make energy.
Fermentation occurs when there is not
enough O2. Being that O2 is the final
e- acceptor from the e.t.c. an organism
that is out of O2 needs to do something
else for energy.
There are two types of fermentation
that you should know.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
After a cell goes through all of Glycolysis and
The Krebs Cycle if there in no O2 around it will
not go through the E.T.C.
The first type of fermentation produces a
chemical called Lactic Acid.
Humans go through this type of fermentation
when their O2 level is depleted.
When you exercise you’re forcing your body
to work beyond the amount of O2 and energy
that you have available to you.
Your body will switch to fermentation to gain
a quick burst of energy.
C6H12O6 → 2 CH3CHOHCOOH (lactic acid)
Alcoholic (Ethanol) Fermentation
Another type of fermentation results in
the production of Ethyl alcohol and CO2.
An example of an organism that
ferments is Yeast.
C6H12O6 → C2H5OH (ethanol) + CO2