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RESPIRATION
Chapter 9
VOCAB REVIEW
Type of fermentation shown below:
Pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Alcoholic fermentation
Unit used to measure energy in food
(= 1000 calories)
Calorie (capitalized)
Type of fermentation shown below:
Pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+
Lactic acid fermentation
Amount of energy needed to raise
1 gram of water 1◦ Celsius
calorie (lower case)
First step in releasing the energy of glucose, in
which a molecule of glucose is broken down
into two molecules of pyruvic acid
glycolysis
Process that releases energy by breaking down
glucose and other food molecules in the presence
of oxygen
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Process by which cells release
energy in the absence of oxygen
Fermentation
Series of proteins in which high energy electrons
from the Krebs cycle are used to convert
ADP into ATP
Electron transport chain
Second stage of cellular respiration in which
pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide
in a series of energy-extracting steps
Krebs cycle
Carbohydrate with the chemical formula
C6H12O6 used as a source of energy
in living things
glucose
Molecule containing three carbons that is
formed when glucose breaks apart during
glycolysis, the first part of cellular respiration
Pyruvic acid
Molecule formed from pyruvic acid that
accumulates in muscles during exercise
when oxygen is not available
Lactic acid
Electron carriers involved in glycolysis
NAD+ and FAD
Means : ’’not in air’’ ;
process that does NOT require oxygen
ANAEROBIC
process that requires oxygen
AEROBIC
Natural substance found in muscles that regenerates ATP
for extended energy for muscle activity which is used as
a dietary supplement to increase muscle strength and
performance and can lead to dehydration, muscle injury,
kidney failure and even death if abused.
creatine
Co-enzyme helper that reacts with
pyruvic acid to form Actyl-CoA
before it enters the Krebs cycle
CoA
6 carbon molecule that is the first
formed during the Krebs cycle made
by joining the acetyl group from
Acetyl-CoA to a 4 carbon
Citric acid
molecule
Molecule that acts as an energy
carrier in all cells
ATP
Enzyme in the inner mitochondrial
membrane that spins as H+ ions pass
through which adds a phosphate
group to ADP to make ATP
ATP synthase
Membrane proteins that pass high
energy electrons along and use the
energy to pump H+ ions from the
matrix across the membrane to
the intermembrane space
Electron transport chain
2nd step in aerobic cellular respiration
in which molecule cycle through
intermediates and produce
Krebs cycle