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Transcript
I. Energy in General: AEROBIC & ANEROBIC RESPIRATION 1. Differentiate an autotroph from a heterotroph as it relates to obtaining energy. _____________________________________________________________________ Autotroph – make their own food (producers/plants) Heterotroph – consume their food from other organisms (consumers). _____________________________________________________________________ *Use the following diagram to answer questions 2-5: ATP 2. What is this molecule called? ________ ENERGY 3. Why is this molecule important to living things? _________ BONDS 4. This molecule releases energy when the ________ between the last two phosphorus molecules are broken. ADP + P 5. What is “left over” when energy is released from this molecule? _________ 6. Which of the following is a unit of energy? a. calorie b. cytosol c. glycolysis d. NAD+ II. Fermentation: 7. Is fermentation an aerobic or anaerobic process? Explain. ANAEROBIC – NO OXYGEN IS PRESENT. _____________________________________________ 8. Where does the pyruvic acid come from, that enters into the process of fermentation? FROM THE BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE. (C3H4O3) _____________________________________________ 9. Compare and contrast the two types of fermentation. *Both are ANAEROBIC (occurs without oxygen). ____________________________________________________________ *ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION – occurs in plant cells and yeast. Glucose Pyruvic Acid CO2 + 2 ATP *LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION – occurs in animal cells. Glucose Pyruvic Acid Lactic Acid 2 ATP 10. Yeast produces alcohol and CO2 in the process of a. lactic acid fermentation b. aerobic respiration c. alcoholic fermentation d. glycolysis 11. Both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation produce a. a 2-carbon molecule from a 6-carbon molecule b. CO2 from a three-carbon molecule c. ATP from ADP and phosphate d. NAD+ from NADH and H+ 12. When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen, a. lactic acid is produced b. NADH molecules split c. a large amount of ATP is formed d. the Krebs Cycle occurs III. Cellular Respiration: 13. Is cellular respiration aerobic or anaerobic? Explain. They both are because they both produce ATP. ____________________________________________ 14. When living cells break down the bonds holding molecules together, energy is a. stored as ADP. c. released. b. stored as ATP. d. changed into glucose 15. In cellular respiration, the most energy is transferred during aerobic respiration. a. TRUE b. FALSE 16. Glycolysis begins with glucose and produces a. starch` c. acetyl CoA b. lactic acid d. pyruvic acid 17. Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between a. two phosphate groups c. ribose and a phosphate group b. adenine and ribose d. adenine and a phosphate group 18. Glycolysis takes place a. in the cytoplasm c. only if oxygen is present b. in the mitochondria d. only if oxygen is absent IV. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration: Photosynthesis creates glucose molecules this fuels cellular respiration in plant cells which creates ATP which fuels plant for growth & reproduction which provides carbohydrates to animals for their cellular respiration. The energy cycle continues. Chloroplast Carbon Dioxide Glucose Water Oxygen ATP Mitochondria