Download The Breakdown of Glucose (aka Cellular Respiration)

The Breakdown of Glucose (aka Cellular Respiration)
Chapter 6 Honors Biology
Directions for making your FLIP BOOK
1. You will need at least 20 index cards (3x5 okay but 5x7 is better) or ½ sheets of card stock.
2. Hole punch a corner (or two places along the top) and attach a ring or string.
3. Your first card will be a TITLE card: “Breaking Down Glucose”; add your name and period.
4. On each successive card (as you will see numbered below), you will label/draw one of the steps found below in the
processes of cellular respiration. Label any molecules or important information. You may use both sides of the card.
5. Use markers, colored pencils, or any art supplies you wish.
Worth: 20 points
Due Date:
1. (Title card): Breaking Down Glucose (include name and period)
2. GLYCOLYSIS (in cytoplasm)(title card)
3. Energy Investment Phase (title card)
4. Start with glucose – draw 6 carbon circles (hint:
use the same color for carbon atoms throughout your project)
5. Glucose is phosphorylated from 2 ATP molecules -- add phosphates to ends of the 6 carbon chain.
6. This molecule is split in half to form 2 intermediate molecules, G3P. What does this acronym stand for?
7. Energy Payoff Phase (title card)
8. With the help of many enzymes, __ATP’s and __ NADH’s are formed as the two G3P molecules become two 3carbon molecules called pyruvic acid (or pyruvate). Add ADP and NAD+ on cards where appropriate, too.
9. Intermediate step: the CUT & GROOMING STAGE (title card)
10. CUT: Pyruvic acid cannot enter the Kreb’s cycle, so one C (in the form of CO2) is removed, leaving a 2 C molecule.
(really a carboxyl group is removed…. Where did the H atom go? Add this molecule to your card.)
11. GROOM: Coenzyme A molecule attaches to the 2-C fragment and this new Acetyl CoA transfers the 2-C
fragment to the Kreb’s cycle.
12. KREB’S CYCLE / CITRIC ACID CYCLE (in matrix of mitochondria)—two turns per glucose molecule—(Title card)
13. Acetyl CoA drops off the 2-C fragment into the Kreb’s Cycle and the CoA part is recycled back to grooming stage.
The 2-Carbon fragment attaches to a 4-C molecule (OAA already in cycle) to form a 6-C molecule known as Citric
Acid (or citrate).
14. As the cycle continues 2 CO2 molecules are lost with each turn. One ATP molecule is also generated by substrate
phosphorylation.
15. Within this cycle and as CO2 are released by breaking various bonds, the available H atoms (an electron and
proton) are picked up by electron carriers, NAD+ and FAD to form NADH and FADH2 respectively. Add the amounts
on your card, too.
16. OXIDATATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: ETC AND CHEMIOSMOSIS (title card)
17. The electron carriers, NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to the ETC, which is located on the inner mitochondrial
membrane known as the cristae. Look at your book, as you are still in the matrix …
18. As the electrons travel down the ETC, their potential energy is used to pump H+ ions from the matrix into the
intermembrane space of the mitochondria. This creates a concentration gradient difference.
19. The electrons at the end/bottom (meaning little potential energy) of the ETC combine with ½ O2 and 2 H +  H2O
that is ultimately returned to the blood stream. This is an aerobic process within the ETC.
20. Simultaneously, the protons (H+) in the inner membrane space then passively move through the ATP synthase
which allows ADP to combine with Pi to form ATP. This is known as chemiosmosis via “proton motive force”.