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DNA Unit – Retake Ticket Directions: Please print this document and complete it in your own hand writing. Other Online Resources: Vocabulary Quizlet : http://quizlet.com/_12bm93 Interactive Practice: http://www.sciencegeek.net/Biology/review/directory.shtml Matching (Must Know Vocabulary) 1. 3 base code held in the mRNA a. Messenger RNA (mRNA) 2. 3 base code held in the tRNA, brings amino acids to ribosome b. Amino acids 3. A molecule that contains an anticodon and brings the c. appropriate amino acid to the ribosome 4. A nucleic acid that holds the code for genetic traits, a double Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) d. Transcription helix. 5. Building blocks of a protein e. Replication 6. Building unit of nucleic acids, made up of a sugar, phosphate, f. Anticodon g. Translation and nitrogen base 7. Molecule that carries code to the cytoplasm where translation occurs 8. The process by which a copy of the DNA sequence is made into h. Nucleotide an mRNA 9. The process which reads mRNA and read to bring certain amino i. Protein synthesis j. Transfer RNA (RNA) k. Codon acids over to the ribosome to build a protein 10. The process by which the sequence in DNA is turned into a functioning protein 11. The process of making a copy of the DNA Function of DNA 1. DNA stands for __________________________________________. 2. DNA makes up chromosomes, which are located in the ___________________ of a cell. 3. Small sections of a DNA molecule that determine genetic traits are called ________________. Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) 1. How many nucleotides are shown in the DNA segment pictured? 2. Circle any nucleotide on the DNA segment. 3. Name the three parts of a nucleotide. a. ___________________________ b. ___________________________ c. ___________________________ 4. Use the letters P and S to label the sugar and phosphate of the DNA molecule. 5. Which part does the phosphate molecule connect with? Diagram of DNA molecule 1. A DNA molecule consists of _______ strands. 2. DNA is a long chain made of repeating units called ___________________________. 2. Nucleotides are attached by bonds between the __________________ and the phosphate group. 3. In complimentary base pairing, _________________ bonds with _______________ and _______________ bonds with ______. _________ 4. DNA is shaped like a _______________ helix. DNA Replication What would the complimentary DNA strand look like if the following DNA replicated? A A G T T C A G C G A C T T A G G C T T C G A A C C G _______________ ________________ ________________ COMPARE AND CONTRAST:RNA and DNA DNA Double OR Single stranded? Which sugar does it have? List all nitrogen bases Which nitrogen base is different? Where is it found in eukaryotic cells? Function RNA Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Three types of RNA are transcribed from DNA in the nucleus (from genes that code only for RNA). Complete the following table, which summarizes information about these molecules. RNA Abbreviation Description/Function Ribosomal RNA Messenger RNA Transfer RNA The Genetic Code 1. ______________________ is the process of making an RNA strand that complements one side of the original DNA strand. This happens inside the ______________ of a cell, where DNA is located. 2. Which nitrogen base CAN’T you use during replication? 3. CompletetheDNAtranscriptiontocreatemRNA. A A G T T C A G C _____ _____ ______ G A C T T A G G C _____ _____ T T C G A A C C G TAC CAC _____ ______ ______ _____ _____ _____ CGA C A T G A A A G A _____ _____ _____ T T A GGC GTC ____ _____ _____ _____ 4. The mRNA strand is a code that’s read 3 nitrogen bases at a time. This set of 3 nitrogen bases is known as a _____________. Each codon matches a specific _____________________. _____________________ is the process of using the new mRNA as instructions to show which order the amino acids should go in. This happens in the __________________ of the cell. The order of the amino acids determines the type of protein that is made! 5. Look at the diagram to the right. Match the lettered parts from the picture next to its name in the table below. Messenger RNA (mRNA( Codon Transfer RNA (tRNA) Anti-codon Nucleus Amino acid Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 6. During the process of __________________, the cell uses information from (G)____________ to create organic molecules called __________, which are long chains of amino acids. All 3 types of RNA, _______, ______, and ______ have specific roles in this process. Structure B/G, known as __________, is important because it carries the DNA message from the (A)_____________ to the _______________. There, the (G) _________ attaches to the surface of (C) ___________, which is made partly of the second type of RNA, ___________. Thirdly, Structure D, also known as _________, is responsible for carrying both the (E) _____________ and its specific amino acid. The two amino acids shown in this diagram are _______________ and ____________. The amino acids bind with a ______________ bond and form a _____________, the final product. Through this process cells create enzymes, produce antibodies, and construct all of the molecules for which our genes code. 7. Use the Table to determine the amino acid. mRNA AUG UAC GGA CCU UUG Amino Acid 8. Write the amino acid sequence made from the following mRNA. AAC AAC ____________ _____________ CGA ______________ GCU _____________ AUG ___________ 9. Translation Practice: Look at the diagram to the right. Match the lettered parts from the picture next to its name in the table below. Protein rRNA mRNA tRNA Amino acid Mutation 1. A change in a single gene is called a _________________ mutation. a. When a nucleotide is deleted a _____________________ mutation occurs. b. When a nucleotide is added, a ______________________ mutation occurs. c. When one nucleotide is changed for another, it is called a ____________________ mutation. 2. A strand of DNA contains the following bases: ATT CCG GGA TTT. a. What is the sequence of amino acids that the DNA codes for? b. If the ATT on the DNA strand is changed to ATG, what is the new amino acid sequence? c. If the CCG is mutated and becomes GCG, what is the new amino acid sequence?