Download Bio K Study Guide – Early earth and evolution

Name ____________Study Guide 2016 Evolution- Bio H
Book chapters 14, 15, 16 and 17; notes, labs, packets
Formation of the Earth
1. Identify major events that led to the formation of the Earth.
2. How do the major land masses change over time – Continental Drift and Plate tectonics
3. What is spontaneous generation? Describe the experiments of three scientists whose work
disproved the possibility of abiogenesis.
4. Summarize the results of experiments Miller and Urey on formation of organic compounds
5. Describe probable characteristics of the first cells.
6. Describe endosymbiotic theory.
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Name ____________Ideas Relating to Evolution
6. Describe theories of:
 Hutton/Lyell
 Malthus
7. Compare theories of evolution of
 Lamarck
 Darwin
8. Identify how the following plays a role Darwin’s ideas on Natural Selection
a. Overproduction of offspring
b. Competition
c. Variation in a Species
d. Survival of the Fittest
e. Descent with Modification
9. Explain how natural selection leads to development of adaptations in a species.
10. Explain what Darwin meant by the “Principle of Common Descent”.
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Name ____________Changing a population
11. Draw graphs to represent the following effects of natural selection on a population and
explain them:
 Directional selection
 Stabilizing selection
 Disruptive/diversifying selection
12. What is meant by a gene pool?
13. How would you determine the frequency of an allele in a population? Phenotypic frequency?
14. Do evolutionary pressures act on phenotypes or genotypes? Explain.
15. Hardy-Weinberg Theorem:

Define genetic equilibrium

what factors must be stable in order for a population to be in genetic equilibrium?
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Name ____________Evidence of evolution
15. Which lines of evidence were traditionally used to determine evolutionary relationships, and
which are used as a basis for cladistics (cladogram)?
16. Explain how each of the following are used to provide evidence of evolutionary
relationships:
 Fossil record
 Comparative anatomy –
o Homologous structures vs. analogous
o Vestigial structures
 Biogeography
 Embryology
 Molecular/Biochemical
17. Explain convergent evolution and analogous structures.
18. Explain adaptive radiation and give an example.
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Name ____________The Origin of Species
19. Provide the biological definition of a species.
20. What is required for speciation to occur?
21. List mechanisms that help to keep species separate when they inhabit the same area.
22. How can genetic drift alter populations without natural selection?
23. Where do new alleles come from in a population?
24. Compare (and draw!) Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium. Give an example of each.
25. Explain how a cladogram represents evolutionary relationships. (What are the derive traits on
the cladogram below?)
Derived traits – with
each new derived
trait, all organisms
above the derived
trait will share that
trait
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