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Guided Reading: Chapter 22
Study the key terms and roots for a future vocabulary quiz and answer each question
thoroughly.
Key Terms: evolution, fossils, strata, paleontology, catastrophism, uniformitarianism,
adaptations, natural selection, artificial selection, homology, homologous structures,
vestigial structures, evolutionary tree, convergent evolution, analogous, biogeography,
continental drift, Pangaea, endemic
Roots: paleo, homo (greek), verge, ana, bio, geo, graph, en1. Explain how each of the following is related to evolution. Give a brief synopsis
of work or hypothesis related to the topic. Give the time period of the work (or
life span.)
a. Aristotle
b. Carolus Linnaeus
c. Georges Cuvier
d. James Hutton
e. Charles Lyell
f. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
g. Charles Darwin
h. Alfred Russel Wallace
i. Thomas Malthus
j. John Endler
2. What are the pattern and process of evolution?
3. What were the two main ideas developed in The Origin of Species?
4. What percentage of species that have lived are currently extinct?
5. What are Darwin’s four observations and two inferences that led to natural
selection?
6. What is the difference between artificial selection and natural selection?
7. What are the three main ideas of natural selection?
8. What are 3 key (subtle) points of natural selection?
9. Can predation result in natural selection for color patterns in guppies? Describe
the study and explain the results.
10. Describe how drug resistance has evolved in HIV.
11. What two key points about natural selection do the guppy and HIV examples tell
us?
12. Explain and give examples for the categories of evidence that support evolution.
a. Direct observations of evolutionary change
b. The fossil record
c. Homology (explain both)
d. Biogeography
13. Compare and contrast homologous and analogous characteristics.
14. In science, what is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?