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Evolution Study Guide
Chapter 15
Chapter15.1 pg. 422
List the 4 basic principles or assumptions of natural selection
1st ____________________________________________________________________________________
2nd ____________________________________________________________________________________
3rd ____________________________________________________________________________________
4th ____________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 15.2 page 423
1. Darwin’s theory of _____________ ________________ is part of the larger theory of _________________.
2. The theory of evolution states that all organisms on Earth have descended from a ______________________.
Fossils
3. What offers some of the most significant evidence of evolutionary change? _______________
4. What do fossils show? ____________________________________________________________________
5. Define Relative dating:____________________________________________________________________
Page 424
5. Scientists studying evolutionary relationships have found hundreds of thousands of ______________ fossils.
6. Why was the discovery of Archaeopteryx interesting? ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Comparative Anatomy
8. Define Homologous Structures: ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Give examples of homologous structures: _____________________________________________________
10. With structures with similar shape and construction, homologous structures indicates that certain organisms
have a ________________ ______________________.
11. Define Vestigial Structures: _______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
12. Give two examples of vestigial structures: _____________________________________________________
13. Define Analogous Structures: ______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
14. While analogous structures doe not indicate close evolutionary relationships, they do show that functionally
similar features can evolve ______________________ in similar __________________________.
15. Give an example of analogous structures: _____________________________________________________
Comparative Embryology
16. Scientists have found that vertebrate embryos exhibit ____________________ __________________ during
certain phases of development but become totally different structures in the _____________ form.
Comparative biochemistry
17. What is cytochrome c? ____________________________________________________________________
18. Despite slight variations in its ________ ________ sequence, the molecule has changed very little over time.
19. In Figure 15.9, the cytochrome c in the pig and in the _____________ share more amino acid sequences with
humans than the cytochrome c in _____________ shares with _________________.
20. Scientists have found similar biochemical patterns in other proteins, as well as in _______ and _______.
Geographic distribution
21. What did Darwin observe about the animals living in South America and Europe? _____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
22. The South American _______ inhabited a niche that was occupied by the __________ in Europe. Darwin
realized that the _____________ was more similar to other South American species than it was to the
___________ because it shared a closer _________________ with the South American animals.
Page 428
23. What is an adaptation? ____________________________________________________________________
24. Define Fitness: __________________________________________________________________________
25. The better an organism is ______________ to its environment, the greater its chances of ________________
and _____________________ success.
26. Define Camouflage: ______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
27. _________________ allows organisms to become almost ______________ to predators.
28. Give an example of camouflage: ____________________________________________________________
29. Define Mimicry: _________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
30. Give an example of mimicry: _______________________________________________________________
Antimicrobial resistance
31. What is drug resistance? ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
32. For almost every antibiotic, at least one species of ___________________ bacteria exists.
33. One unintended consequence of the continued development of __________________ is that some diseases,
which were once though to be contained, such as _____________________, have reemerged in more harmful
forms.
Comparative Embryology
Homologous Structures
Vestigial Structure
Analogous Structures