From the "Modern Synthesis" to cybernetics: Ivan Ivanovich
... evolution which emerges from all these several treatments is very largely the same. We have arrived at a biologic synthesis. The book of I.I. Schmalhausen advances the synthetic treatment of evolution’’ (p xv). See also Reif et al. (2000). ...
... evolution which emerges from all these several treatments is very largely the same. We have arrived at a biologic synthesis. The book of I.I. Schmalhausen advances the synthetic treatment of evolution’’ (p xv). See also Reif et al. (2000). ...
Epigenetic Inheritance and Its Role in Evolutionary Biology: Re
... (perhaps simplistic) conceptual framework that differentiates between the use of “epigenetics” to describe intragenerational phenomena and its use to describe transgenerational phenomena. This straightforward dichotomy allows us to leave somewhat in the background the voluminous literature on the in ...
... (perhaps simplistic) conceptual framework that differentiates between the use of “epigenetics” to describe intragenerational phenomena and its use to describe transgenerational phenomena. This straightforward dichotomy allows us to leave somewhat in the background the voluminous literature on the in ...
Thesis - Paleoanthropology Society
... enough to enjoy the support of a great group of friends, the rare kind of people who are as sharp in the classroom as they are fun at the Tap Room. So, to Seth, Jon, Scott, and Boley: thanks for all the good times. I also feel fortunate to have had the opportunity to work with such a knowledgeable a ...
... enough to enjoy the support of a great group of friends, the rare kind of people who are as sharp in the classroom as they are fun at the Tap Room. So, to Seth, Jon, Scott, and Boley: thanks for all the good times. I also feel fortunate to have had the opportunity to work with such a knowledgeable a ...
The Evolution of Aging 3
... characteristic, an adaptation of organism design, which had an evolutionary purpose. Darwin had previously suggested that aging was an evolved characteristic despite conflicts with Darwinian evolutionary mechanics. Many current theorists have discarded adaptive theories of aging using one or more of ...
... characteristic, an adaptation of organism design, which had an evolutionary purpose. Darwin had previously suggested that aging was an evolved characteristic despite conflicts with Darwinian evolutionary mechanics. Many current theorists have discarded adaptive theories of aging using one or more of ...
Why Natural Selection cannot Explain Rationality
... environmental/informational constraint assumption, rationality is part of the organism that is subject to selection. For nature to determine which speed is a better technology (lineage), one must assume that each organism is implementing the given technology according to the same degree of rationali ...
... environmental/informational constraint assumption, rationality is part of the organism that is subject to selection. For nature to determine which speed is a better technology (lineage), one must assume that each organism is implementing the given technology according to the same degree of rationali ...
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Evolution
... category of formal causes separate from the efficient causes. The idea that organisms are perfectly adapted to their environments predates evolutionary theory. This idea was central to natural theology in which the perfect fit of organism and environment was considered evidence of di ...
... category of formal causes separate from the efficient causes. The idea that organisms are perfectly adapted to their environments predates evolutionary theory. This idea was central to natural theology in which the perfect fit of organism and environment was considered evidence of di ...
Generative Replication and the Evolution of Complexity
... and burrows. But in order to increase complexity one more condition must be fulfilled. We argue that there must be a transfer of a construction mechanism that can create a new entity on the basis of a fairly simple set of instructions. Rather than copying all the details of the fully scaled-up enti ...
... and burrows. But in order to increase complexity one more condition must be fulfilled. We argue that there must be a transfer of a construction mechanism that can create a new entity on the basis of a fairly simple set of instructions. Rather than copying all the details of the fully scaled-up enti ...
How to read “heritability” in the recipe approach to - Philsci
... As we have seen in the Introduction, recipes for ENS include heredity between parents and offspring as a necessary condition. But what does it mean to have heredity between parents and offspring? In its most general sense, it simply means that there is the transmission of traits between parent and o ...
... As we have seen in the Introduction, recipes for ENS include heredity between parents and offspring as a necessary condition. But what does it mean to have heredity between parents and offspring? In its most general sense, it simply means that there is the transmission of traits between parent and o ...
Reconceptualising Evolution by Natural Selection
... what constitutes the process of natural selection appears to be very intuitive (natural selection results from entities exhibiting differences in fitness in a population), this conceals a number of theoretical ambiguities and difficulties. Some of these have been pointed out numerous times; others h ...
... what constitutes the process of natural selection appears to be very intuitive (natural selection results from entities exhibiting differences in fitness in a population), this conceals a number of theoretical ambiguities and difficulties. Some of these have been pointed out numerous times; others h ...
Is Organismic Fitness at the Basis of Evolutionary Theory?
... property, including such effects as heritability and individual fitness. The question at hand is whether, like for (TF1) and (TF3), individual fitness also lies at the conceptual basis of (TF2). We contend that this is indeed the case. Our argument for this conclusion is that when (TF2) is analyzed, ...
... property, including such effects as heritability and individual fitness. The question at hand is whether, like for (TF1) and (TF3), individual fitness also lies at the conceptual basis of (TF2). We contend that this is indeed the case. Our argument for this conclusion is that when (TF2) is analyzed, ...
Strong ecological but weak evolutionary effects of elevated CO
... but see Körner, 1988). The magnitude of change in herbaria specimens is similar, however, to plastic responses to eCO2; therefore, genetic changes need not be invoked to explain the observed changes (Woodward, 1987, 1993). Third, plants from populations growing near geothermal vents where concentrat ...
... but see Körner, 1988). The magnitude of change in herbaria specimens is similar, however, to plastic responses to eCO2; therefore, genetic changes need not be invoked to explain the observed changes (Woodward, 1987, 1993). Third, plants from populations growing near geothermal vents where concentrat ...
Iterative development and the scope for plasticity: contrasts
... This is of course, a contrast of extremes. Some clonal organisms exhibit relatively rapid morphological responses to changing environments (Tollrian and Harvell, 1999), and some non-clonal organisms can reverse the development of morphological structures (Ebert et al., 2014 for review). Equally, man ...
... This is of course, a contrast of extremes. Some clonal organisms exhibit relatively rapid morphological responses to changing environments (Tollrian and Harvell, 1999), and some non-clonal organisms can reverse the development of morphological structures (Ebert et al., 2014 for review). Equally, man ...
PDF file - Department of Biology
... Fig.·2. Hypothetical example of the effects of positive directional selection favoring individuals with higher values for a particular trait on the mean value of that trait (A) and on the plasticity of that trait or of a subordinate trait (B). (A) The standard expectation for the effects of positive ...
... Fig.·2. Hypothetical example of the effects of positive directional selection favoring individuals with higher values for a particular trait on the mean value of that trait (A) and on the plasticity of that trait or of a subordinate trait (B). (A) The standard expectation for the effects of positive ...
Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution
... Fig.·2. Hypothetical example of the effects of positive directional selection favoring individuals with higher values for a particular trait on the mean value of that trait (A) and on the plasticity of that trait or of a subordinate trait (B). (A) The standard expectation for the effects of positive ...
... Fig.·2. Hypothetical example of the effects of positive directional selection favoring individuals with higher values for a particular trait on the mean value of that trait (A) and on the plasticity of that trait or of a subordinate trait (B). (A) The standard expectation for the effects of positive ...
Review Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution
... Fig.·2. Hypothetical example of the effects of positive directional selection favoring individuals with higher values for a particular trait on the mean value of that trait (A) and on the plasticity of that trait or of a subordinate trait (B). (A) The standard expectation for the effects of positive ...
... Fig.·2. Hypothetical example of the effects of positive directional selection favoring individuals with higher values for a particular trait on the mean value of that trait (A) and on the plasticity of that trait or of a subordinate trait (B). (A) The standard expectation for the effects of positive ...
Document
... quantitative definition and discriminator of evolutionary processes at all systems levels. Evolution (in this and the classic definition) doesn’t know the future. Almost all evolutionary initiatives fail. Evolution’s computational function is ‘tinkering’, or experimentation under high uncertainty (J ...
... quantitative definition and discriminator of evolutionary processes at all systems levels. Evolution (in this and the classic definition) doesn’t know the future. Almost all evolutionary initiatives fail. Evolution’s computational function is ‘tinkering’, or experimentation under high uncertainty (J ...
evolution - Teacher Pages: Teacher Pages
... What is the best explanation for the differences between the structures? a. The structures have changed to serve the same function in different organisms. b. The structures adapted to different purposes through descent with modification. c. The structures each evolved separately from different orig ...
... What is the best explanation for the differences between the structures? a. The structures have changed to serve the same function in different organisms. b. The structures adapted to different purposes through descent with modification. c. The structures each evolved separately from different orig ...
SimBio Virtual Labs® EvoBeaker®: Finches and Evolution
... Gradually, the Galapagos finches evolved into distinct populations, then species, adapted to a diversity of lifestyles. One species eats cactus flowers, another eats leaves, and a third pecks the wings and tails of boobies and drinks their blood. Two use twigs or cactus spines to pry insect larvae f ...
... Gradually, the Galapagos finches evolved into distinct populations, then species, adapted to a diversity of lifestyles. One species eats cactus flowers, another eats leaves, and a third pecks the wings and tails of boobies and drinks their blood. Two use twigs or cactus spines to pry insect larvae f ...
The Peppered moth: decline of a Darwinian disciple
... ‘A while back creationists on the lists I subscribe to, and elsewhere in the “real” world and cyberspace, began crowing over the death of the peppered moth as “an example of evolution”. The references cited are a book review by Jerry Coyne in Nature of Michael Majerus’s Melanism: Evolution in Action ...
... ‘A while back creationists on the lists I subscribe to, and elsewhere in the “real” world and cyberspace, began crowing over the death of the peppered moth as “an example of evolution”. The references cited are a book review by Jerry Coyne in Nature of Michael Majerus’s Melanism: Evolution in Action ...
Maternal effects and evolution at ecological time
... In essence, ‘maternal effects’ can be defined as any aspect of the mother’s phenotype that affects her offspring’s’ phenotype. Consequently, not all maternal effects have adaptive benefits for offspring fitness. However, maternal effects will have evolutionary consequences whenever they alter phenot ...
... In essence, ‘maternal effects’ can be defined as any aspect of the mother’s phenotype that affects her offspring’s’ phenotype. Consequently, not all maternal effects have adaptive benefits for offspring fitness. However, maternal effects will have evolutionary consequences whenever they alter phenot ...
The Citation Field of Evolutionary Economics
... around, amongst others, the Journal of Evolutionary Economics (JEE). This paper analyzes the way and extent to which evolutionary economics has become an interdisciplinary journal, as its aim was: a journal that is indispensable in the exchange of expert knowledge on topics and using approaches that ...
... around, amongst others, the Journal of Evolutionary Economics (JEE). This paper analyzes the way and extent to which evolutionary economics has become an interdisciplinary journal, as its aim was: a journal that is indispensable in the exchange of expert knowledge on topics and using approaches that ...
On our best behavior: optimality models in human behavioral ecology
... there may be significant and difficult to discover developmental constraints or genetic interactions that prevent certain types of variants from arising. In the case of behavioral strategies, the phenotypic possibilities will also be limited by how and how far the relevant psychological mechanisms c ...
... there may be significant and difficult to discover developmental constraints or genetic interactions that prevent certain types of variants from arising. In the case of behavioral strategies, the phenotypic possibilities will also be limited by how and how far the relevant psychological mechanisms c ...
Form and function: structural analysis in evolutionary morphology
... theory of biological organization are: what are the consequences of certain aspects of design (e.g., metamerism, mechanical complexity) for possible directions of structural change? Does the possession of certain features or complexes of features canalize change in form? And, how do interactions of ...
... theory of biological organization are: what are the consequences of certain aspects of design (e.g., metamerism, mechanical complexity) for possible directions of structural change? Does the possession of certain features or complexes of features canalize change in form? And, how do interactions of ...
Fitness “kinematics”: biological function, altruism, and organism
... fitness, however. Let’s begin with the simplest case, conditional viability. Consider an animal which uses carotenoids to improve disease resistance, e.g. the jungle fowl (Zuk et al., 1990). Carotenoids usually must be acquired from foods, but carotenoid-rich foods are rare in some environments (Ols ...
... fitness, however. Let’s begin with the simplest case, conditional viability. Consider an animal which uses carotenoids to improve disease resistance, e.g. the jungle fowl (Zuk et al., 1990). Carotenoids usually must be acquired from foods, but carotenoid-rich foods are rare in some environments (Ols ...
Probability in Biology: The Case of Fitness Roberta L. Millstein
... fitter some organisms were than others and to be able to use different fitness values to predict the ...
... fitter some organisms were than others and to be able to use different fitness values to predict the ...