Embryology, comparative anatomy, and congenital malformations of
... absorb the nutrients at the site and incorporate them into their own cells [2]. Plants rely on solar energy, which is converted to usable nutrients via chlorophyll molecules. They also obtain minerals and water from their roots that penetrate the surrounding soil [3, 4]. Animals ingest food, which i ...
... absorb the nutrients at the site and incorporate them into their own cells [2]. Plants rely on solar energy, which is converted to usable nutrients via chlorophyll molecules. They also obtain minerals and water from their roots that penetrate the surrounding soil [3, 4]. Animals ingest food, which i ...
Evolution and development of shape: integrating
... assembled in a matrix, called the G matrix. This matrix characterizes the genetic component of shape variation in the population, integrating effects of loci throughout the entire genome. This has been done for a wide range of organisms, including laboratory mice24 and samples from natural populatio ...
... assembled in a matrix, called the G matrix. This matrix characterizes the genetic component of shape variation in the population, integrating effects of loci throughout the entire genome. This has been done for a wide range of organisms, including laboratory mice24 and samples from natural populatio ...
The Evolutionary Origin of the Vertebrate Body Plan: The Problem of
... an extreme archetype for vertebrates in which the cranium was composed of several modified vertebrae, such that the scheme could derive all vertebrate skulls. However, this scheme resulted in the construction of a monster-like figure not found in nature, because it was an assemblage of characteristics ...
... an extreme archetype for vertebrates in which the cranium was composed of several modified vertebrae, such that the scheme could derive all vertebrate skulls. However, this scheme resulted in the construction of a monster-like figure not found in nature, because it was an assemblage of characteristics ...
The making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation
... species evolve over generations. The film The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch illustrates that some traits may enable an animal to find food or attract mates better than other individuals can. If beneficial traits like these have a genetic basis and can be passed on to future generations, w ...
... species evolve over generations. The film The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch illustrates that some traits may enable an animal to find food or attract mates better than other individuals can. If beneficial traits like these have a genetic basis and can be passed on to future generations, w ...
NATURAL SELECTION
... fi.ttest" gave rise to a criticism of the theory of evolution known as the tautology problem. If it is a matter of. definition that the fittest organisms survive, then in what sense is it explanatory to say that the reason why one group of organisms survived and another did not is because the first ...
... fi.ttest" gave rise to a criticism of the theory of evolution known as the tautology problem. If it is a matter of. definition that the fittest organisms survive, then in what sense is it explanatory to say that the reason why one group of organisms survived and another did not is because the first ...
Thorstein Veblen`s Economics and Darwinian Evolutionary Social
... Clarence Ayres and Morris A. Copeland (Asso and Fiorito 2004: 457). All in all, in the mid-20th century even economists close to Veblen’s socio-economic theory seemed to have distanced themselves from the use of any Darwinian-inspired or biology-based accounts of the human being and human society. I ...
... Clarence Ayres and Morris A. Copeland (Asso and Fiorito 2004: 457). All in all, in the mid-20th century even economists close to Veblen’s socio-economic theory seemed to have distanced themselves from the use of any Darwinian-inspired or biology-based accounts of the human being and human society. I ...
Natural Selection, Variation, Adaptation, and Evolution: A Primer of
... Exaptation: an adaptive trait that originally evolved for some reason other than its current function. As most commonly used, exaptation assumes the trait originated as an adaptation for some other function, but traits that originally emerged through nonadaptive mechanisms have also been considered ...
... Exaptation: an adaptive trait that originally evolved for some reason other than its current function. As most commonly used, exaptation assumes the trait originated as an adaptation for some other function, but traits that originally emerged through nonadaptive mechanisms have also been considered ...
The Evolutionary Biology of Decision Making
... Decisions-broadly defined here as the results of an evaluation of possible options-can take a variety of forms, including both inferences and preferences. Inferences go beyond the information given to make predictions about the state of the world; for instance, knowing the color ofa fruit, can a dec ...
... Decisions-broadly defined here as the results of an evaluation of possible options-can take a variety of forms, including both inferences and preferences. Inferences go beyond the information given to make predictions about the state of the world; for instance, knowing the color ofa fruit, can a dec ...
Predicting Microevolutionary Responses to Directional Selection on
... ly inaccessible (marine) habitats. For these and other reasons, maturity by the parental and offspring generations are the there is a dearth of studies of evolutionary responses to se- same, for otherwise a measured difference between generalection in nature (Flux and Flux 1982), even though selecti ...
... ly inaccessible (marine) habitats. For these and other reasons, maturity by the parental and offspring generations are the there is a dearth of studies of evolutionary responses to se- same, for otherwise a measured difference between generalection in nature (Flux and Flux 1982), even though selecti ...
Strong Reciprocity and Human Sociality
... Human groups maintain a high level of sociality despite a low level of relatedness among group members. This paper reviews the evidence for an empirically identi"able form of prosocial behavior in humans, which we call &&strong reciprocity'', that may in part explain human sociality. A strong recipr ...
... Human groups maintain a high level of sociality despite a low level of relatedness among group members. This paper reviews the evidence for an empirically identi"able form of prosocial behavior in humans, which we call &&strong reciprocity'', that may in part explain human sociality. A strong recipr ...
Student Exploration Sheet: Growing Plants
... Galápagos Islands that have unique adaptations, or traits that help an organism survive in its environment. The Rainfall and Bird Beaks Gizmo™ allows you to explore how rainfall influences the range of beak shapes found in a single finch species. 1. The beak depth of a finch is the distance from the ...
... Galápagos Islands that have unique adaptations, or traits that help an organism survive in its environment. The Rainfall and Bird Beaks Gizmo™ allows you to explore how rainfall influences the range of beak shapes found in a single finch species. 1. The beak depth of a finch is the distance from the ...
A Bayesian approach to the evolution of perceptual and cognitive systems
... of response and state of the environment (utility function). Traditionally, ideal observers were considered only for laboratory tasks with relatively simple stimuli. For example, a task might involve detecting a spot of light against a white noise background in a two-alternative forced choice paradi ...
... of response and state of the environment (utility function). Traditionally, ideal observers were considered only for laboratory tasks with relatively simple stimuli. For example, a task might involve detecting a spot of light against a white noise background in a two-alternative forced choice paradi ...
Proceedings of the Pittsburgh Workshop in History - Philsci
... term, a theory is deterministic if from a complete state description of a system at time t one can derive a complete state description of that system at some later time t’. (One could complicate this characterization enormously, but this suffices for present purposes.) A process is deterministic th ...
... term, a theory is deterministic if from a complete state description of a system at time t one can derive a complete state description of that system at some later time t’. (One could complicate this characterization enormously, but this suffices for present purposes.) A process is deterministic th ...
Live Where You Thrive: Joint Evolution of Habitat Choice and Local
... abstract: We derive a comprehensive overview of specialization evolution based on analytical results and numerical illustrations. We study the separate and joint evolution of two critical facets of specialization—local adaptation and habitat choice—under different life cycles, modes of density regul ...
... abstract: We derive a comprehensive overview of specialization evolution based on analytical results and numerical illustrations. We study the separate and joint evolution of two critical facets of specialization—local adaptation and habitat choice—under different life cycles, modes of density regul ...
Beaks of Finches Lab
... species evolve over generations. The film The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch illustrates that some traits may enable an animal to find food or attract mates better than other individuals can ...
... species evolve over generations. The film The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch illustrates that some traits may enable an animal to find food or attract mates better than other individuals can ...
Evolution 65:2258-2272
... Grant 2008). This adaptive diversification is thought to have then driven the evolution of reproductive barriers between the species (Schluter 2000; Grant and Grant 2008). Among the important reproductive barriers are ecological selection against hybrids (Grant and Grant 1993, 2008) and assortative ...
... Grant 2008). This adaptive diversification is thought to have then driven the evolution of reproductive barriers between the species (Schluter 2000; Grant and Grant 2008). Among the important reproductive barriers are ecological selection against hybrids (Grant and Grant 1993, 2008) and assortative ...
2011 - Anthony Herrel
... Grant 2008). This adaptive diversification is thought to have then driven the evolution of reproductive barriers between the species (Schluter 2000; Grant and Grant 2008). Among the important reproductive barriers are ecological selection against hybrids (Grant and Grant 1993, 2008) and assortative ...
... Grant 2008). This adaptive diversification is thought to have then driven the evolution of reproductive barriers between the species (Schluter 2000; Grant and Grant 2008). Among the important reproductive barriers are ecological selection against hybrids (Grant and Grant 1993, 2008) and assortative ...
Abstract The platypus is one of Earth`s most perplexing
... non-mammalian ancestor. That the platypus has ten sex chromosomes compared to two in other mammals can only be explained in light of evolution as well, because the platypus system and the mammalian system evolved independently from one another, after the two lines had split from one another (Veyrune ...
... non-mammalian ancestor. That the platypus has ten sex chromosomes compared to two in other mammals can only be explained in light of evolution as well, because the platypus system and the mammalian system evolved independently from one another, after the two lines had split from one another (Veyrune ...
Why and how do we age? - American Federation for Aging Research
... theory of aging The most widely accepted overall theory of aging is currently the evolutionary senescence theory of aging. Unlike the earlier programmed theory of evolution and aging, which tried to find reasons why evolution might favor aging, evolutionary senescence theory focuses on the failure o ...
... theory of aging The most widely accepted overall theory of aging is currently the evolutionary senescence theory of aging. Unlike the earlier programmed theory of evolution and aging, which tried to find reasons why evolution might favor aging, evolutionary senescence theory focuses on the failure o ...
Unifying Within- and Between-Generation Bet
... correlations among individuals reduce between-generation variation in fitness and, consequently, reduce selection for bet hedging in large populations. Revisiting the wet-dry scenario. To get a better sense of what all this means, I revisit the case of wet-specialists, dry-specialists, and diversified ...
... correlations among individuals reduce between-generation variation in fitness and, consequently, reduce selection for bet hedging in large populations. Revisiting the wet-dry scenario. To get a better sense of what all this means, I revisit the case of wet-specialists, dry-specialists, and diversified ...
Why is economic geography an evolutionary science? (PDF
... contributions (Hodgson 1988), is only partial. One can distinguish between under and oversocialised accounts related to putting primacy to institutions and social class regulating individual behaviour or individuals whose rational actions result in institutions (Granovetter 1985). The ‘old’ institut ...
... contributions (Hodgson 1988), is only partial. One can distinguish between under and oversocialised accounts related to putting primacy to institutions and social class regulating individual behaviour or individuals whose rational actions result in institutions (Granovetter 1985). The ‘old’ institut ...
Homology and hierarchies - Duke University | Center for Philosophy
... hypotheses of homology), and (2) arrangements of taxa (branched diagrams or hierarchical listings). A different approach, which I will call the “biological”* approach to homology, is in part 3 “transformationist” in its view (Eldredge, 1979) because it examines change and conservatism. This approach ...
... hypotheses of homology), and (2) arrangements of taxa (branched diagrams or hierarchical listings). A different approach, which I will call the “biological”* approach to homology, is in part 3 “transformationist” in its view (Eldredge, 1979) because it examines change and conservatism. This approach ...
A Survey of Diversity-Oriented Optimization 1 Introduction - IC
... and even discover some design patterns, if some common properties are found for all (or subset) of high-performing solutions [Parmee and Bonham, 2000]. This problem, including the methods for postprocessing and data mining diverse solution sets, has recently been termed Innovization [Deb, 2011]. In ...
... and even discover some design patterns, if some common properties are found for all (or subset) of high-performing solutions [Parmee and Bonham, 2000]. This problem, including the methods for postprocessing and data mining diverse solution sets, has recently been termed Innovization [Deb, 2011]. In ...
evolutionary theory and biodiversity
... • James Hutton (1726–1797) and charles lyell (1797–1875) studied the forces of wind, water, earthquakes, and volcanoes. They concluded that the Earth is very old and has changed slowly over time due to natural processes. • erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) suggested that competition between individuals cou ...
... • James Hutton (1726–1797) and charles lyell (1797–1875) studied the forces of wind, water, earthquakes, and volcanoes. They concluded that the Earth is very old and has changed slowly over time due to natural processes. • erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) suggested that competition between individuals cou ...
Full Text PDF - Edorium™ Journal of Anatomy and Embryology
... branching, and form the respiratory tree through the terminal bronchioles by the end of the canalicular stage. During the sacular stage, the bronchioles divide into the respiratory bronchioles and eventually into the terminal sacs (also termed primitive alveoli). Around week 36, the terminal sacs be ...
... branching, and form the respiratory tree through the terminal bronchioles by the end of the canalicular stage. During the sacular stage, the bronchioles divide into the respiratory bronchioles and eventually into the terminal sacs (also termed primitive alveoli). Around week 36, the terminal sacs be ...