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Evolution Test Topics: Use this page to guide you in your studies. Study from each of the following materials in addition to working through the list below. Materials to study from: Evolution Packets 1 and 2, the two evolution quizzes, the Shark Lab, the Classification packet, and the two evolution study guides (one covers Darwin and Natural Selection – packet 1, the other covers Population Evolution – packet 2) Influences on Darwin o Lamarck’s contribution to evolutionary theory. Why doesn’t natural selection result in “perfect” organisms? Why aren’t acquired traits passed on? o Malthus, Hutton, Lyell o Observations while aboard the Beagle Explain Darwin’s theory for evolution. o What is the process called? o Explain how the process works – How does it lead to populations adapting to the environment? o Be able to describe his main points: Struggle for existence Survival of the fittest Give the biological definition of fitness What does the phrase “survival of the fittest” mean? Descent with modification o Importance of genetic variation What is the primary source of most genetic variation in a population? Contribution of sexual reproduction to evolution o Why do populations adapt/evolve and not individual organisms? Evidence of evolution. o Fossil record o Embryology/development o Comparative anatomy (homologous structures) o Molecular biology o Biogeography o Artificial selection v. Natural selection. Relate pesticide resistance in insects & antibiotic resistance in bacteria to natural selection. o How does misuse of antibiotics affect evolution of disease-causing bacteria like tuberucolosis (PBS video clip) Influence of genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and natural selection on allele frequency in a gene pool. o Bottle neck effect & founder effect Genetic equilibrium – What is it? What conditions must be met for it to occur? (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) Evolution in polygenic v. single-gene traits o Stabilizing v. directional v. disruptive selection. Distinguish between microevolution and macroevolution. Define a biological species o List & describe types of reproductive barriers between species. o Contribution of geographic isolation and adaptive radiation to species diversity. Opportunities that set the stage for adaptive radiation. Convergent v. Divergent evolution. o Homologous v. analogous structures Coevolution Punctuated equilibrium model v. gradualism Radioactive & Relative Dating Classification/Taxonomy o Cladograms o Dichotomous keys o Linnean classification