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Transcript
9th Grader’s FALL Six Weeks Exam 2011 Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution 1. What observations did Darwin make on the Galapagos Island? Pg. 370-371 After observing many species and their geographical location what concept did Darwin formulate? Pg 369 3. What does the survival of the fittest mean? Pg. 380 4. What does fitness mean? Pg. 380 5. What is a gene pool? Pg. 1094 6. What are the three types of isolation? Describe each of them. Pg 404-405 7. Name an example animal that might be affected by a geographic barrier such as a lake or river and another example animal that would not be affected by it. Pg 404-405 8. Define speciation. Pg. 404 Did Darwin’s Finches display speciation? pg 408 9. Define genetic equilibrium. Pg. 401 10. Genetic drift greatly affects populations of what size? Pg. 400 11. Gene shuffling includes independent movement of chromosomes. However, what happens in crossing over? Pg 395 12. Which selection takes place when individuals at one end of the curve have highest fitness? pg. 398-399 13. Which selection takes place when individuals with the average trait or in the middle have higher fitness? Pg. 399 14. A genetic variation needs to be __(heritable or non heritable)___________ in order for it to contribute to the overall chance of survival. Pg. 379 15. Does natural selection act on individuals or on populations? Explain pg. 394 16. What is recombination? How does it contribute to diversity? Pg. 395 17. What is relative frequency and how do you calculate it? Pg. 394 2. Chapter 18 Classification 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. What is binomial nomenclature? Pg. 448 If I had an organism that has a scientific name of Ailuropoda melanoleuca, where did the first part and second part of the name come from? Pg. 448 What is the hierarchy of classification in order from smallest to largest? Pg. 450 What are the three domains? Which kingdom(s) fall under each of the 3 domains? Pg. 459 What two kingdoms used to be in one kingdom called Monera? Pg. 458 What kingdoms include eukaryotic organisms? What domain are they all found in? Pg. 459 What kingdom has cell walls made of chitin? Pg. 459 Ursus arctos and Ursus maritimus share the same genus or species? Explain. Pg. 448, 450 Evidence for Evolution 1. Whales contain small, non functional remnants of a pelvic bone. This is an example what? Pg. 385 2. What is convergent evolution? Pg. 436 3. In what type of rock do you typically find fossils? Pg. 418 4. What are index fossils and what are they used for? Pg. 419 5. What is a homologous structure and give an example. Pg. 384 6. What does evolution mean? glossary 7. What is an example of an analogous structure?glossary 8. Which would be the best way to determine if two species are closely related? A)looking at the number of genes two species have or B)looking at their sequence of amino acids of their genes 9. What is extinction? Pg. 417 10. All living organisms have DNA. Does this support common ancestry? Why or why not? 11. If I was investigating a murder, and I found DNA that had very similar amino acid sequences with that of suspect A. Is that enough evidence to warrant an arrest? Explain. 12. The above picture is a Cladogram. What is a Cladogram? Pg.453 Using the Cladogram above please answer the following questions 13. Which organism is the oldest common ancestor? 14. Which organism would be expected to have the most amino acid differences with the leopard? 15. The tuna is most closely related to which of the following? a. Leopard c. lancelet b. Salamander d. turtle 16. The embryos of several types of animals look very similar and develop in almost the same manner, especially in the early stages. What do these physical similarities indicate? Use the cladogram above to answer questions 1717. 18. Which species is in the outgroup? Which species is more closely related to amphibians (frog) a. Ray-finned fish b. Primates c. Sharks d. Crocodiles 19. Which species is least closely related to rabbits? a. Crocodiles b. Birds c. Ray finned fish d. sharks