mpa monitoring plan
... ongoing fishing activities inside MPAs that allow fishing and outside MPA boundaries. Such effects are detected by examining population trends before and after MPA implementation inside and outside MPAs and taking into account historical and current information on fishing activities. These methods a ...
... ongoing fishing activities inside MPAs that allow fishing and outside MPA boundaries. Such effects are detected by examining population trends before and after MPA implementation inside and outside MPAs and taking into account historical and current information on fishing activities. These methods a ...
Ecological interactions influencing Avicennia germinans propagule
... boundaries. Accordingly, ecological processes that influence the recruitment of mangroves into higher-elevation areas dominated by saltmarsh plants are of great interest globally and are the focus of the research presented here. Interactions among plants have long been recognized as a major influenc ...
... boundaries. Accordingly, ecological processes that influence the recruitment of mangroves into higher-elevation areas dominated by saltmarsh plants are of great interest globally and are the focus of the research presented here. Interactions among plants have long been recognized as a major influenc ...
Seagrass Literature Review - Department of Environment, Land
... Port Phillip Bay. Halophila australis, Posidonia australis and Lepilaena marina have been the subject of limited research in Victoria. Seagrass distribution and structure varies across spatial and temporal scales and among species. Victorian seagrass distributions have typically been mapped using gr ...
... Port Phillip Bay. Halophila australis, Posidonia australis and Lepilaena marina have been the subject of limited research in Victoria. Seagrass distribution and structure varies across spatial and temporal scales and among species. Victorian seagrass distributions have typically been mapped using gr ...
Whole Ecosystem Nitrogen Manipulation Experiments: A
... nitrogen oxides are vehicle combustion engines and high temperature combustion processes used in power production. UK emissions in 1999 amounted to 488 kt N. This figure has decreased significantly from the early 1990s, where emissions were estimated to be approximately 846 kt N (INDITE 1994). It ha ...
... nitrogen oxides are vehicle combustion engines and high temperature combustion processes used in power production. UK emissions in 1999 amounted to 488 kt N. This figure has decreased significantly from the early 1990s, where emissions were estimated to be approximately 846 kt N (INDITE 1994). It ha ...
The Variable Position of Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.))
... Lakes are complex ecosystems, whose functioning is tightly connected to the physical, chemical and biological properties of their surrounding catchments and internal habitats (Wetzel 2001, Kalff 2002). While the availability of nutrients, carbon and solar radiation typically sets the limits for prim ...
... Lakes are complex ecosystems, whose functioning is tightly connected to the physical, chemical and biological properties of their surrounding catchments and internal habitats (Wetzel 2001, Kalff 2002). While the availability of nutrients, carbon and solar radiation typically sets the limits for prim ...
The diet of saltmarsh consumers - LSU Digital Commons
... top omnivore, Fundulus heteroclitus. Some P. pugio became more carnivorous when F. heteroclitus where reduced indicating top-down control of infauna by P. pugio mediated through behavior. In the long-term, anthropogenic effects could fundamentally alter food web structure by changing saltmarsh speci ...
... top omnivore, Fundulus heteroclitus. Some P. pugio became more carnivorous when F. heteroclitus where reduced indicating top-down control of infauna by P. pugio mediated through behavior. In the long-term, anthropogenic effects could fundamentally alter food web structure by changing saltmarsh speci ...
(PPT, 1.21MB)
... unit that includes all of the organisms (ie: the "community") in a given area interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles (i.e.: exchange of materials between living and nonliving parts) within t ...
... unit that includes all of the organisms (ie: the "community") in a given area interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles (i.e.: exchange of materials between living and nonliving parts) within t ...
The Influence of Interspecific Competition and Other Factors on the
... been assigned a minor role in determining the composition of aniimal communities. Indirect evidence exists, however, which suggests that competition may sometimes be responsible for the distribution of animals in nature. The range of distribution of a species may be decreased in the presence of anot ...
... been assigned a minor role in determining the composition of aniimal communities. Indirect evidence exists, however, which suggests that competition may sometimes be responsible for the distribution of animals in nature. The range of distribution of a species may be decreased in the presence of anot ...
Ecological aspects of marine Vibrio bacteria
... Heterotrophic bacteria of the genus Vibrio are indigenous in the marine environment although environmental cues regulate their growth and distribution. The attention brought to this genus is due to its many species/strains that are pathogenic to humans and other organisms. Vibrio abundances are stro ...
... Heterotrophic bacteria of the genus Vibrio are indigenous in the marine environment although environmental cues regulate their growth and distribution. The attention brought to this genus is due to its many species/strains that are pathogenic to humans and other organisms. Vibrio abundances are stro ...
EDGE EFFECT INTERACTIONS IN AN AFRICAN SAVANNA By
... (including reduced wildlife densities) in a tropical savanna. These results suggest that edge interactions can have important consequences for ecology, conservation and management. To clarify this potentially important concept and synthesize existing work, we present a conceptual framework for edge ...
... (including reduced wildlife densities) in a tropical savanna. These results suggest that edge interactions can have important consequences for ecology, conservation and management. To clarify this potentially important concept and synthesize existing work, we present a conceptual framework for edge ...
The importance of predation, cannibalism and resources for
... influence their abundance and interactions with other trophic levels. They are similar in size, morphology and life history, and their life cycles are synchronous (Abrahamsson 1971, Söderbäck 1995). They are both omnivorous feeders with a nocturnal activity pattern and seem to prefer the same type o ...
... influence their abundance and interactions with other trophic levels. They are similar in size, morphology and life history, and their life cycles are synchronous (Abrahamsson 1971, Söderbäck 1995). They are both omnivorous feeders with a nocturnal activity pattern and seem to prefer the same type o ...
Detailed List of Learning Objectives
... Gas Exchange in Animals 32. Define gas exchange and distinguish between a respiratory medium and a respiratory surface. 33. Describe the general requirements for a respiratory surface and list the variety of respiratory organs that have adapted to meet them. 34. Describe respiratory adaptations of ...
... Gas Exchange in Animals 32. Define gas exchange and distinguish between a respiratory medium and a respiratory surface. 33. Describe the general requirements for a respiratory surface and list the variety of respiratory organs that have adapted to meet them. 34. Describe respiratory adaptations of ...
The interaction between cyanobacteria and zooplankton in a more
... understanding plankton ecology in eutrophic, cyanobacteriadominated freshwaters are updated and synthesized here. These include the physiology, mechanistic underpinning, and variability in cyanobacterial and zooplankton traits (Section 2); the structure and function of cyanobacteria-dominated inland ...
... understanding plankton ecology in eutrophic, cyanobacteriadominated freshwaters are updated and synthesized here. These include the physiology, mechanistic underpinning, and variability in cyanobacterial and zooplankton traits (Section 2); the structure and function of cyanobacteria-dominated inland ...
Estuarine Nutrient Cycling - The Influence of
... sensu Littler and Littler 1980) and rooted macrophytes, representing a wide range of life strategies, morphological features and, physiological, functional as well as ecological properties (Littler and Littler 1980; Sand-Jensen and Borum 1991; Duarte 1995; Schramm 1996). These inherent differences m ...
... sensu Littler and Littler 1980) and rooted macrophytes, representing a wide range of life strategies, morphological features and, physiological, functional as well as ecological properties (Littler and Littler 1980; Sand-Jensen and Borum 1991; Duarte 1995; Schramm 1996). These inherent differences m ...
- California State University
... We also suspected that recruitment patterns of barnacles (S. balanoides), rockweeds (A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus), and mussels (M. edulis) to clearings within stands of A. nodosum were spatial scale dependent and here we report the results of experimental tests of this hypothesis. We expected that ...
... We also suspected that recruitment patterns of barnacles (S. balanoides), rockweeds (A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus), and mussels (M. edulis) to clearings within stands of A. nodosum were spatial scale dependent and here we report the results of experimental tests of this hypothesis. We expected that ...
Activity patterns and foraging behavior of the endangered Grand Cyclura lewisi R
... ABSTRACT.—The historic rarity of the critically endangered Grand Cayman blue iguana, Cyclura lewisi, has prevented detailed research on this species prior to this decade. This study primarily used focal animal observations, transect sweeps, and radio-telemetry to document the behavioral ecology of a ...
... ABSTRACT.—The historic rarity of the critically endangered Grand Cayman blue iguana, Cyclura lewisi, has prevented detailed research on this species prior to this decade. This study primarily used focal animal observations, transect sweeps, and radio-telemetry to document the behavioral ecology of a ...
Thesis in pdf
... In paper II I tested another extension of the IDH, which predicts that smaller, more frequent disturbances will have different effects on diversity compared to larger, less frequent disturbances. In this experiment I used two different regimes of disturbance, small and frequent vs. large and infrequ ...
... In paper II I tested another extension of the IDH, which predicts that smaller, more frequent disturbances will have different effects on diversity compared to larger, less frequent disturbances. In this experiment I used two different regimes of disturbance, small and frequent vs. large and infrequ ...
CBD Strategy and Action Plan
... The desirable conditions of forests for maintaining their priority functions and how to develop such conditions .............................................................................................. 153 Promoting the development of diverse forests ............................................ ...
... The desirable conditions of forests for maintaining their priority functions and how to develop such conditions .............................................................................................. 153 Promoting the development of diverse forests ............................................ ...
Ecological functions of earthworms in soil - Wageningen UR E
... activity, either through ingestion and gut passage (Drake and Horn 2007; Depkat-Jakob et al. 2010), or by mixing soil with organic matter and providing favourable microhabitats (Devliegher and Verstraete 1997; Parkin and Berry 1999; Aira et al. 2009). Comparisons between forests invaded by exotic ea ...
... activity, either through ingestion and gut passage (Drake and Horn 2007; Depkat-Jakob et al. 2010), or by mixing soil with organic matter and providing favourable microhabitats (Devliegher and Verstraete 1997; Parkin and Berry 1999; Aira et al. 2009). Comparisons between forests invaded by exotic ea ...
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Pelagic Zooplankton
... mean production recorded was 0.92 gdwm-3y-1. Likewise, M. bosumtwii formed 68 % of annual community production but the contribution to community biomass was shared almost equally with Chaoborus in successive years. Mean annual community P/B ratio (biomass turnover rates) measured was 23.40, which is ...
... mean production recorded was 0.92 gdwm-3y-1. Likewise, M. bosumtwii formed 68 % of annual community production but the contribution to community biomass was shared almost equally with Chaoborus in successive years. Mean annual community P/B ratio (biomass turnover rates) measured was 23.40, which is ...
- Wiley Online Library
... ingestion of the larger tadpoles (enhanced acquisition of the resource) (Kishida et al. 2009). In this case, the predator-induced bulgy body induces a novel morphology in the predator. These examples conform to theoretical expectations, which hold that the particular external cues that trigger an en ...
... ingestion of the larger tadpoles (enhanced acquisition of the resource) (Kishida et al. 2009). In this case, the predator-induced bulgy body induces a novel morphology in the predator. These examples conform to theoretical expectations, which hold that the particular external cues that trigger an en ...
The National Biodiversity Strategy of Japan 2012-2020
... The desirable conditions of forests for maintaining their priority functions and how to develop such conditions.............................................................................................. 153 Promoting the development of diverse forests ............................................. ...
... The desirable conditions of forests for maintaining their priority functions and how to develop such conditions.............................................................................................. 153 Promoting the development of diverse forests ............................................. ...
- The Lincoln Repository
... however, that a more recent model developed by Li et al. (2013) was the most conducive for the purposes of the present study. Though less parsimonious than its predecessors, the Li et al. model is structured in a way that ensures that all parameter estimates are biologically realistic (i.e., within ...
... however, that a more recent model developed by Li et al. (2013) was the most conducive for the purposes of the present study. Though less parsimonious than its predecessors, the Li et al. model is structured in a way that ensures that all parameter estimates are biologically realistic (i.e., within ...
Landscape Patterns Environmental Quality Analysis
... The relationships between human patterns on the landscape and resulting environmental quality have been well documented in the disciplines of landscape planning, environmental planning, and landscape architecture. Landscape pattern analysis is based on the premise that there are indispensible patter ...
... The relationships between human patterns on the landscape and resulting environmental quality have been well documented in the disciplines of landscape planning, environmental planning, and landscape architecture. Landscape pattern analysis is based on the premise that there are indispensible patter ...
Ingredients for protist coexistence: competition, endosymbiosis and
... 1. The interaction between mutualism, facilitation or interference and exploitation competition is of major interest as it may govern species coexistence. However, the interplay of these mechanisms has received little attention. This issue dates back to Gause, who experimentally explored competition ...
... 1. The interaction between mutualism, facilitation or interference and exploitation competition is of major interest as it may govern species coexistence. However, the interplay of these mechanisms has received little attention. This issue dates back to Gause, who experimentally explored competition ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.