Four types of interference competition and their impacts on
... and (iv) reduced reproduction rate (e.g., predation on egg or larvae). Foraging interference and metabolic interference directly affects individual physiology while survival and reproduction interference directly affect population demographic quantities. The four different types of interference comp ...
... and (iv) reduced reproduction rate (e.g., predation on egg or larvae). Foraging interference and metabolic interference directly affects individual physiology while survival and reproduction interference directly affect population demographic quantities. The four different types of interference comp ...
Ecological Speciation
... and reproductive interactions cause character displacement between the emerging insect races or species so that they become specialized on particularly divergent subsets of the trait distributions of the two plant species. In the final stage “distance relaxation,” the new species become so divergent ...
... and reproductive interactions cause character displacement between the emerging insect races or species so that they become specialized on particularly divergent subsets of the trait distributions of the two plant species. In the final stage “distance relaxation,” the new species become so divergent ...
ingram et al 2012 evolution - Zoology, UBC
... will therefore require knowledge of how trophic interactions both cause and are altered by evolution. Intraguild predation is a widespread trophic interaction in which one species both feeds on a second species and competes with it for a shared resource (Polis et al. 1989; Polis and Holt 1992; Arim ...
... will therefore require knowledge of how trophic interactions both cause and are altered by evolution. Intraguild predation is a widespread trophic interaction in which one species both feeds on a second species and competes with it for a shared resource (Polis et al. 1989; Polis and Holt 1992; Arim ...
Soil detritivore functioning in heterogeneously contaminated soils
... species Aporrectodea caliginosa had higher biomass in clean locations, whereas Allolobophora chlorotica showed higher biomass in more humid and more contaminated soils. It is more likely that the higher biomass of Aporrectodea chlorotica at the higher contaminated soils were due to the high humidity ...
... species Aporrectodea caliginosa had higher biomass in clean locations, whereas Allolobophora chlorotica showed higher biomass in more humid and more contaminated soils. It is more likely that the higher biomass of Aporrectodea chlorotica at the higher contaminated soils were due to the high humidity ...
invasive ecology of exotic old world bluestem
... exotic grass invasions are capable of having dramatic and widespread impacts on native communities and ecosystems. Exotic Old World bluestem grasses (OWBG; Bothriochloa and Dichanthium spp.) have become increasingly invasive throughout the central and southern U.S. Little is known regarding the impa ...
... exotic grass invasions are capable of having dramatic and widespread impacts on native communities and ecosystems. Exotic Old World bluestem grasses (OWBG; Bothriochloa and Dichanthium spp.) have become increasingly invasive throughout the central and southern U.S. Little is known regarding the impa ...
Document
... from sub-Arctic ecosystems. Historic processes have also contributed to shaping the current large-scale regional provinces in terms of Arctic species communities. At sub-regional scales the terrestrial Arctic harbors diverse mosaics of communities that are structured by gradients and disturbances in ...
... from sub-Arctic ecosystems. Historic processes have also contributed to shaping the current large-scale regional provinces in terms of Arctic species communities. At sub-regional scales the terrestrial Arctic harbors diverse mosaics of communities that are structured by gradients and disturbances in ...
2010 7th SER Conference of the Society for Ecological
... Conference Center in Avignon. This place was not chosen at random! Indeed, it constitutes a successful example of restoration and preservation of one of the most visited historic monuments in Europe, combined with new functions of which perpetuity is guaranteed by a new economic activity. What a str ...
... Conference Center in Avignon. This place was not chosen at random! Indeed, it constitutes a successful example of restoration and preservation of one of the most visited historic monuments in Europe, combined with new functions of which perpetuity is guaranteed by a new economic activity. What a str ...
ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION AND SUSTAINABLE
... Conference Center in Avignon. This place was not chosen at random! Indeed, it constitutes a successful example of restoration and preservation of one of the most visited historic monuments in Europe, combined with new functions of which perpetuity is guaranteed by a new economic activity. What a str ...
... Conference Center in Avignon. This place was not chosen at random! Indeed, it constitutes a successful example of restoration and preservation of one of the most visited historic monuments in Europe, combined with new functions of which perpetuity is guaranteed by a new economic activity. What a str ...
INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION OF THREE PHENOTYPIC
... coexistence of Daphnia within lakes is still unclear. Using an oligotrophic lake in Ontario, I studied three distinct phenotypes of Daphnia pulicaria, which differed in the ability to up-regulate hemoglobin (classified as red, pink, and pale). Twenty-four hour surveys were conducted during the fall ...
... coexistence of Daphnia within lakes is still unclear. Using an oligotrophic lake in Ontario, I studied three distinct phenotypes of Daphnia pulicaria, which differed in the ability to up-regulate hemoglobin (classified as red, pink, and pale). Twenty-four hour surveys were conducted during the fall ...
Ecological Dynamics on Yellowstone`s Northern Range
... Park (YNP) has undergone major changes since Yellowstone, the world’s first national park, was established in 1872. These changes, from little emphasis on wildlife at the time of establishment to a major focus on wildlife today, have accompanied an evolving interest in wildlife by the visiting publi ...
... Park (YNP) has undergone major changes since Yellowstone, the world’s first national park, was established in 1872. These changes, from little emphasis on wildlife at the time of establishment to a major focus on wildlife today, have accompanied an evolving interest in wildlife by the visiting publi ...
Knowlton and Jackson - Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
... apparent physical stability of reefs belies an underlying natural turmoil of growth, death, and destruction of calcareous organisms (Glynn 1997; Hallock 1997; Hubbard 1997).Much like a modern city, reefs are constantly being rebuilt and tom down at the same time. Corals are the bricks, broken pieces ...
... apparent physical stability of reefs belies an underlying natural turmoil of growth, death, and destruction of calcareous organisms (Glynn 1997; Hallock 1997; Hubbard 1997).Much like a modern city, reefs are constantly being rebuilt and tom down at the same time. Corals are the bricks, broken pieces ...
Document
... laboratory or most field experiments (Jax 2006; Post et al. 2007; Musacchio 2009). The various existing definitions of an ecosystem are able to describe the multifunctional nature of animal and plant communities only partially (Olff et al. 2009). Functions related to spatial and temporal variability ...
... laboratory or most field experiments (Jax 2006; Post et al. 2007; Musacchio 2009). The various existing definitions of an ecosystem are able to describe the multifunctional nature of animal and plant communities only partially (Olff et al. 2009). Functions related to spatial and temporal variability ...
A Long-Term Biodiversity, Ecosystem and Awareness Research
... Instead of asking questions to each person in turn as in other form of group interviews, focus group research encourages participants to talk to each other. The focus group method was developed by Robert K. Merton in the 1950s and has been used especially in market and medical research. The techniqu ...
... Instead of asking questions to each person in turn as in other form of group interviews, focus group research encourages participants to talk to each other. The focus group method was developed by Robert K. Merton in the 1950s and has been used especially in market and medical research. The techniqu ...
Influence of corallivory, competition, and habitat structure on coral
... some recent studies indicate that acroporid corals can return decades after loss (Adjeroud et al. 2009). Processes that govern coral species turnover during recovery periods are complex and vary through space and time, but generally they involve the interaction of multiple factors controlling recrui ...
... some recent studies indicate that acroporid corals can return decades after loss (Adjeroud et al. 2009). Processes that govern coral species turnover during recovery periods are complex and vary through space and time, but generally they involve the interaction of multiple factors controlling recrui ...
effects of temperature on the population dynamics
... Study systems The ecological role of temperature in nature is often studied via correlational studies, in which latitudinal or latitudinal gradients are used as proxies for temperature gradients. Yet, the change in mean temperature along these gradients co-varies with other variables (e.g., seasonal ...
... Study systems The ecological role of temperature in nature is often studied via correlational studies, in which latitudinal or latitudinal gradients are used as proxies for temperature gradients. Yet, the change in mean temperature along these gradients co-varies with other variables (e.g., seasonal ...
distribution and ecology of the broad
... vegetative storage organs, roots, rhizomes and bark (rich in carbohydrates) during winter. There is little evidence to suggest that food is currently likely to be a limiting resource for M. fuscus. What effect climate change may have on food availability due to shifts in vegetation community composi ...
... vegetative storage organs, roots, rhizomes and bark (rich in carbohydrates) during winter. There is little evidence to suggest that food is currently likely to be a limiting resource for M. fuscus. What effect climate change may have on food availability due to shifts in vegetation community composi ...
Document
... were converted to trophic level. These results disagree with an expected increase in values corresponding to trophic level with predator size, and are in contradiction with previous knowledge of the common cuttlefish feeding ecology. These authors proposed a working hypothesis based on spawning migr ...
... were converted to trophic level. These results disagree with an expected increase in values corresponding to trophic level with predator size, and are in contradiction with previous knowledge of the common cuttlefish feeding ecology. These authors proposed a working hypothesis based on spawning migr ...
The role of community and population ecology in applying
... published studies conducted in pots with sterile soil, where inoculated versus non-inoculated plants were compared, form the basis of the well-known potential of AMF to improve plant growth. However, all soils in which crops are cultivated already contain diverse communities of AMF and all globally ...
... published studies conducted in pots with sterile soil, where inoculated versus non-inoculated plants were compared, form the basis of the well-known potential of AMF to improve plant growth. However, all soils in which crops are cultivated already contain diverse communities of AMF and all globally ...
Studies on Baltic Sea mysids Martin Ogonowski Department of Systems Ecology
... being two of the most prominent forces. This in turn, is reflected in changed species composition at several trophic levels. In the case of the Baltic Sea, top predators such as the cod (Gadus morhua) that dominated in the 1980s have been depressed to very low levels and the system was shifted towar ...
... being two of the most prominent forces. This in turn, is reflected in changed species composition at several trophic levels. In the case of the Baltic Sea, top predators such as the cod (Gadus morhua) that dominated in the 1980s have been depressed to very low levels and the system was shifted towar ...
Biology
... community is associated with interactions among its organisms. - Investigate how the dynamic equilibrium of an ecological community is associated with interactions among its organisms. - Analyze energy flow through an ecosystem. - Investigate how the dynamic equilibrium of an ecological community is ...
... community is associated with interactions among its organisms. - Investigate how the dynamic equilibrium of an ecological community is associated with interactions among its organisms. - Analyze energy flow through an ecosystem. - Investigate how the dynamic equilibrium of an ecological community is ...
McClanahan, T.N. 2002. The near future of coral reefs.
... emissions will produce an atmospheric concentration in 100 years not experienced during the past 20 million years and water temperatures above those of the past interglacial 130 000 years before present. Human influences on water temperatures, seawater chemistry (toxic substances, nutrients and arag ...
... emissions will produce an atmospheric concentration in 100 years not experienced during the past 20 million years and water temperatures above those of the past interglacial 130 000 years before present. Human influences on water temperatures, seawater chemistry (toxic substances, nutrients and arag ...
Our Changing Sea - Coastal Marine Ecology and Conservation Lab
... in alternative prey species availability has led to recent intensified per capita predator impacts on K. tunicata. Experimental K. tunicata removals in the low intertidal revealed that at high densities, K. tunicata reduced the density of Alaria marginata, by 94% and species richness by 38%, and alt ...
... in alternative prey species availability has led to recent intensified per capita predator impacts on K. tunicata. Experimental K. tunicata removals in the low intertidal revealed that at high densities, K. tunicata reduced the density of Alaria marginata, by 94% and species richness by 38%, and alt ...
Consulta: subjectFacets:"Ecosystems" Registros recuperados: 170
... Deforestation and climate change heavily impact the ecosystem of the Amazon rainforest threatening its resilience and the sustainability of many human activities. Land protection may prevent ecosystems and their services to deteriorate from the pressures of agricultural expansion, population growth ...
... Deforestation and climate change heavily impact the ecosystem of the Amazon rainforest threatening its resilience and the sustainability of many human activities. Land protection may prevent ecosystems and their services to deteriorate from the pressures of agricultural expansion, population growth ...
recruitment and the local dynamics of open marine
... genetic structure of populations (1, 46, 64, 81, 140), to population dynamics (the subject of this review), to community structure (10, 75, 104, 110, 125, 128, 165). While interest in recruitment of marine populations has a long history (58, 161, 175), the last decade has seen renewed interest and s ...
... genetic structure of populations (1, 46, 64, 81, 140), to population dynamics (the subject of this review), to community structure (10, 75, 104, 110, 125, 128, 165). While interest in recruitment of marine populations has a long history (58, 161, 175), the last decade has seen renewed interest and s ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.