Dispersal: a central trait in life history
... dispersal becomes more integrated in species life histories in organisms that have specific adaptations for longer distance movements (i.e., wings). Such investments are often very costly from a developmental perspective and therefore trade-off with investments in reproduction or early-maturation. H ...
... dispersal becomes more integrated in species life histories in organisms that have specific adaptations for longer distance movements (i.e., wings). Such investments are often very costly from a developmental perspective and therefore trade-off with investments in reproduction or early-maturation. H ...
Spatial dynamics of mutualistic interactions
... with several localities interconnected by dispersal of the mobile mutualist. 2. Within a given locality, an Allee effect can occur such that the per capita growth rate of the non-mobile mutualist declines with its own abundance. The Allee effect arises in response to low abundances of the mobile mut ...
... with several localities interconnected by dispersal of the mobile mutualist. 2. Within a given locality, an Allee effect can occur such that the per capita growth rate of the non-mobile mutualist declines with its own abundance. The Allee effect arises in response to low abundances of the mobile mut ...
Dispersal: a central trait in life history
... dispersal becomes more integrated in species life histories in organisms that have specific adaptations for longer distance movements (i.e., wings). Such investments are often very costly from a developmental perspective and therefore trade-off with investments in reproduction or early-maturation. H ...
... dispersal becomes more integrated in species life histories in organisms that have specific adaptations for longer distance movements (i.e., wings). Such investments are often very costly from a developmental perspective and therefore trade-off with investments in reproduction or early-maturation. H ...
Conservation Ecology: Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form
... incidence of diseases in coral reef species. Consequently, many coral reefs, including those that are heavily managed, have experienced net losses in accumulated inorganic carbon in recent decades and appear likely to continue this trend in coming decades. Reefs urgently need to be managed with a vi ...
... incidence of diseases in coral reef species. Consequently, many coral reefs, including those that are heavily managed, have experienced net losses in accumulated inorganic carbon in recent decades and appear likely to continue this trend in coming decades. Reefs urgently need to be managed with a vi ...
Allometry – Relations to Energy and Abundance
... Animal communities consist of many organisms which belong to different species and show different abundances. As it is not an easy task to determine the energy demand of one organism, it is not trivial to determine how much energy the whole community needs. A species energy demand is influenced by s ...
... Animal communities consist of many organisms which belong to different species and show different abundances. As it is not an easy task to determine the energy demand of one organism, it is not trivial to determine how much energy the whole community needs. A species energy demand is influenced by s ...
Spatial Ecology of Wolverines in Scandinavia
... maintaining sustainable management aimed at minimising the potential for conflicts with human activities in the multiple-use landscapes. If conservation and management are to be successful, knowledge on multiple-scale habitat requirements and their adaptability to changing environments is of critica ...
... maintaining sustainable management aimed at minimising the potential for conflicts with human activities in the multiple-use landscapes. If conservation and management are to be successful, knowledge on multiple-scale habitat requirements and their adaptability to changing environments is of critica ...
Soil Zoology
... possible to trace and quantify flows of biologically important chemical elements including C, N and S in organisms and their environment. Isotope techniques can thus be applied to investigate and quantify ecological processes involving these elements, at various organizational, spatial and temporal ...
... possible to trace and quantify flows of biologically important chemical elements including C, N and S in organisms and their environment. Isotope techniques can thus be applied to investigate and quantify ecological processes involving these elements, at various organizational, spatial and temporal ...
Key - Scioly.org
... d) Explanation (2pts) Bobcats are not a mountain lion’s primary prey because it is more efficient for the mountain lion to eat animals lower in the food web. By the 10% rule, eating a bobcat is analogous to eating 10 pikas, when factoring in the number of bobcats present in the landscape compared to ...
... d) Explanation (2pts) Bobcats are not a mountain lion’s primary prey because it is more efficient for the mountain lion to eat animals lower in the food web. By the 10% rule, eating a bobcat is analogous to eating 10 pikas, when factoring in the number of bobcats present in the landscape compared to ...
Spatial Ecology of Wolverines in Scandinavia
... maintaining sustainable management aimed at minimising the potential for conflicts with human activities in the multiple-use landscapes. If conservation and management are to be successful, knowledge on multiple-scale habitat requirements and their adaptability to changing environments is of critica ...
... maintaining sustainable management aimed at minimising the potential for conflicts with human activities in the multiple-use landscapes. If conservation and management are to be successful, knowledge on multiple-scale habitat requirements and their adaptability to changing environments is of critica ...
Behavioural ecology of the black-flanked rock
... decline in its distribution in Western Australia. This has been attributed to introduced predators (predominantly the red fox) and herbivores, fire, and habitat destruction due to clearing. Although since 2001 the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) had begun to reintroduce this species ...
... decline in its distribution in Western Australia. This has been attributed to introduced predators (predominantly the red fox) and herbivores, fire, and habitat destruction due to clearing. Although since 2001 the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) had begun to reintroduce this species ...
Fear in Wildlife Food Webs: Large Carnivore Predation Risk
... Figure 2.2. Shrub- and ground-nesting songbird (a) and corvid (b) abundance per hectare on raccoon-present (grey bars) and raccoon-absent (white bars) islands. Values are means ± SE. The asterisk denotes a significant difference of P < 0.05. .................... 24 Figure 2.3. (a) Prickleback and (b ...
... Figure 2.2. Shrub- and ground-nesting songbird (a) and corvid (b) abundance per hectare on raccoon-present (grey bars) and raccoon-absent (white bars) islands. Values are means ± SE. The asterisk denotes a significant difference of P < 0.05. .................... 24 Figure 2.3. (a) Prickleback and (b ...
How top consumers structure food webs with multiple pathways of
... either linear or saturating (= ‘type 2 response’) functions of food/resource density. Generalist top consumers feeding on prey from two food chains may, however, show more complex and flexible feeding behaviour. In particular, they may exhibit ‘switching’, i.e. feed disproportionally on the relative ...
... either linear or saturating (= ‘type 2 response’) functions of food/resource density. Generalist top consumers feeding on prey from two food chains may, however, show more complex and flexible feeding behaviour. In particular, they may exhibit ‘switching’, i.e. feed disproportionally on the relative ...
Chemical defense strategies in sponges: a review
... and regeneration capabilities in sponges may not necessarily be equated but can differ substantially in the same species (Reiswig 1973, Ayling 1983). This, in turn, raises interesting questions about differences in resource allocation to each of these processes in relation to investment in anti-pred ...
... and regeneration capabilities in sponges may not necessarily be equated but can differ substantially in the same species (Reiswig 1973, Ayling 1983). This, in turn, raises interesting questions about differences in resource allocation to each of these processes in relation to investment in anti-pred ...
Allee Effects
... other ways, however, such as signaling mate quality, so it is difficult to assign causality (Courchamp et al. 2008). Similarly, sperm storage, hermaphroditism, and parthenogenesis are all favored when chances of encountering mates are low, but may provide fitness benefits in other contexts as well, ...
... other ways, however, such as signaling mate quality, so it is difficult to assign causality (Courchamp et al. 2008). Similarly, sperm storage, hermaphroditism, and parthenogenesis are all favored when chances of encountering mates are low, but may provide fitness benefits in other contexts as well, ...
Full text - SFU`s Summit
... reefs. I undertook a detailed case-study and quantify fish community size-structure using underwater visual surveys and empirically estimate PPMR using stable isotopes at a relatively undisturbed island chain in Haida Gwaii, BC. I observe an IBP, but the PPMR estimate suggests that the community sho ...
... reefs. I undertook a detailed case-study and quantify fish community size-structure using underwater visual surveys and empirically estimate PPMR using stable isotopes at a relatively undisturbed island chain in Haida Gwaii, BC. I observe an IBP, but the PPMR estimate suggests that the community sho ...
andrés meynard pontificia universidad católica de
... Figure 4. Restricted (specialized) use of one or a few host-plants or habitats, or ubiquitous (generalized) use of several host-plants or habitats types. ......................................................12 Figure 6. High ecological versatility of a generalist herbivore related to an even and po ...
... Figure 4. Restricted (specialized) use of one or a few host-plants or habitats, or ubiquitous (generalized) use of several host-plants or habitats types. ......................................................12 Figure 6. High ecological versatility of a generalist herbivore related to an even and po ...
Grassland Ecology - Kansas State University
... oats, and sorghum, have become some of our most important agricultural crops, and barley was used by Neolithic humans to produce one of the first known alcoholic drinks. Grasses are not only consumed directly by humans, but they also support the production of domestic livestock for human use. More r ...
... oats, and sorghum, have become some of our most important agricultural crops, and barley was used by Neolithic humans to produce one of the first known alcoholic drinks. Grasses are not only consumed directly by humans, but they also support the production of domestic livestock for human use. More r ...
book of abstracts
... We are all very aware of the rapid and dramatic impact that humans have on our planet. Many of us live in highly modified landscapes. Many tropical regions are still in a phase of transition where landscapes are changing at a rapid rate. These changes have local but also global impacts. As ecologist ...
... We are all very aware of the rapid and dramatic impact that humans have on our planet. Many of us live in highly modified landscapes. Many tropical regions are still in a phase of transition where landscapes are changing at a rapid rate. These changes have local but also global impacts. As ecologist ...
RESILIENCE OF TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS – FUTURE
... We are all very aware of the rapid and dramatic impact that humans have on our planet. Many of us live in highly modified landscapes. Many tropical regions are still in a phase of transition where landscapes are changing at a rapid rate. These changes have local but also global impacts. As ecologist ...
... We are all very aware of the rapid and dramatic impact that humans have on our planet. Many of us live in highly modified landscapes. Many tropical regions are still in a phase of transition where landscapes are changing at a rapid rate. These changes have local but also global impacts. As ecologist ...
Evolutionary Ecology of Weeds - Iowa State University Agronomy
... understandings, with far less emphasis on the biology of individual species (or closely related species groups), a disciplinary mode more common in Entomology and Plant Pathology. Communities are the emergent behaviors arising from individuals in these complex adaptative systems. Both perspectives p ...
... understandings, with far less emphasis on the biology of individual species (or closely related species groups), a disciplinary mode more common in Entomology and Plant Pathology. Communities are the emergent behaviors arising from individuals in these complex adaptative systems. Both perspectives p ...
The significance of ratios of detritus types and micro
... manifestations of photosynthetic primary productivity (Moore et al. 2004), even though the majority of energy in food webs passes through detrital pathways (O’Neill & Reichle 1980; Moore et al. 2004). The effect of detritus on community attributes can be large. Detritus inputs can support higher div ...
... manifestations of photosynthetic primary productivity (Moore et al. 2004), even though the majority of energy in food webs passes through detrital pathways (O’Neill & Reichle 1980; Moore et al. 2004). The effect of detritus on community attributes can be large. Detritus inputs can support higher div ...
Record 1 of 23
... dominance at specific locations under specific environmental regimes. Ecosystems terminate, gradually or abruptly, when the dominant species or functional types are replaced by others, usually owing to environmental change or severe and irreversible disturbance. Assessing whether current ecosystems ...
... dominance at specific locations under specific environmental regimes. Ecosystems terminate, gradually or abruptly, when the dominant species or functional types are replaced by others, usually owing to environmental change or severe and irreversible disturbance. Assessing whether current ecosystems ...
Seagrass patch size affects fish responses to edges
... patches; suggesting that small patches may have no suitable core habitat for fish, and that edge effects may drive area effects in seagrass patches. However, patch size and edge effects did not interact to influence fish density; only one species showed an edge effect, while eight showed an area effect ...
... patches; suggesting that small patches may have no suitable core habitat for fish, and that edge effects may drive area effects in seagrass patches. However, patch size and edge effects did not interact to influence fish density; only one species showed an edge effect, while eight showed an area effect ...
Does food web structure affect detrital processing in streams?
... chironomids (Stein et. al 1977). Several behavioral studies have shown O. propinquus avoids being eaten by sensing specific kairomones released by its predator and avoiding danger (Stein & Magnuson 1976; Hazzlet 1994; Bouwma & Hazlett 2001). However, the role of O. propinquus on the breakdown on lea ...
... chironomids (Stein et. al 1977). Several behavioral studies have shown O. propinquus avoids being eaten by sensing specific kairomones released by its predator and avoiding danger (Stein & Magnuson 1976; Hazzlet 1994; Bouwma & Hazlett 2001). However, the role of O. propinquus on the breakdown on lea ...
Linking Restoration and Ecological Succession (Springer
... This book was conceived over dinner at the Cooloola Dunes near Brisbane, Australia, as we pondered how to reconcile 700,000 years of soil development with typical successional studies of <200 years and restoration concerns that normally cover <20 years. Restoration ecology is deeply rooted in ecolog ...
... This book was conceived over dinner at the Cooloola Dunes near Brisbane, Australia, as we pondered how to reconcile 700,000 years of soil development with typical successional studies of <200 years and restoration concerns that normally cover <20 years. Restoration ecology is deeply rooted in ecolog ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.