Trophic cascades in Yellowstone: The first 15years after wolf
... The 1995/1996 reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) into Yellowstone National Park after a 70 year absence has allowed for studies of tri-trophic cascades involving wolves, elk (Cervus elaphus), and plant species such as aspen (Populus tremuloides), cottonwoods (Populus spp.), and willows (Sal ...
... The 1995/1996 reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) into Yellowstone National Park after a 70 year absence has allowed for studies of tri-trophic cascades involving wolves, elk (Cervus elaphus), and plant species such as aspen (Populus tremuloides), cottonwoods (Populus spp.), and willows (Sal ...
Causes and Consequences of Plant Spatial Patterns in Natural and
... There are many ways to describe plant communities and the different plant species of which they are comprised. One approach is to study the spatial patterns of plants; that is, the physical arrangement or distribution of plants within the community. Plant spatial patterns are often described in term ...
... There are many ways to describe plant communities and the different plant species of which they are comprised. One approach is to study the spatial patterns of plants; that is, the physical arrangement or distribution of plants within the community. Plant spatial patterns are often described in term ...
Adaptive speciation: the role of natural selection in mechanisms of
... The first approach, what I call the Ôspandrel approachÕ, achieved widespread approbation following the publication of MayrÕs Systematics and the origin of species (1942). ÔSpandrelsÕ are traits that arise as incidental by-products of natural selection.7 According to the spandrel approach, natural sel ...
... The first approach, what I call the Ôspandrel approachÕ, achieved widespread approbation following the publication of MayrÕs Systematics and the origin of species (1942). ÔSpandrelsÕ are traits that arise as incidental by-products of natural selection.7 According to the spandrel approach, natural sel ...
Peter A. Abrams 1 1 Publications of Peter A. Abrams April 2012 I
... Abrams, P. A. 1989. Decreasing functional responses as a result of adaptive consumer behavior. Evolutionary Ecology. 3:95-114. Abrams, P. A. 1989. The evolution of rates of successful and unsuccessful predation. Evolutionary Ecology. 3:157-171. Abrams, P. A. 1989. The importance of intraspecific fre ...
... Abrams, P. A. 1989. Decreasing functional responses as a result of adaptive consumer behavior. Evolutionary Ecology. 3:95-114. Abrams, P. A. 1989. The evolution of rates of successful and unsuccessful predation. Evolutionary Ecology. 3:157-171. Abrams, P. A. 1989. The importance of intraspecific fre ...
EcologyCP BIO - Appoquinimink High School
... Ecosystems do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to biotic and abiotic changes can change daily as things move from one ecosystem to another ...
... Ecosystems do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to biotic and abiotic changes can change daily as things move from one ecosystem to another ...
Lange_washington_0250O_12405
... habitat heterogeneity, which is likely a response to the increased number of niches provided by patchiness of available nutrients and resources (Long & Azam 2001). Further investigations into the influence of heterogeneity on larger spatial and temporal scales in marine environments could provide su ...
... habitat heterogeneity, which is likely a response to the increased number of niches provided by patchiness of available nutrients and resources (Long & Azam 2001). Further investigations into the influence of heterogeneity on larger spatial and temporal scales in marine environments could provide su ...
Rapid evolution of adaptive niche construction
... subjected to frequent resetting of environmental conditions and severe reduction of spatial habitat structure, both of which are thought to make adaptive niche construction difficult to evolve. Our finding that adaptive niche construction nevertheless evolved repeatably suggests that it may play a m ...
... subjected to frequent resetting of environmental conditions and severe reduction of spatial habitat structure, both of which are thought to make adaptive niche construction difficult to evolve. Our finding that adaptive niche construction nevertheless evolved repeatably suggests that it may play a m ...
Habitat Selection and Indirect Interactions in Fish Communities
... become piscivorous at larger sizes. Vendace is a pelagic species specialized in eating zooplankton. Vendace was expected to affect biotic interactions and habitat use of roach and perch, both directly and indirectly. I used monitoring data to examine how species distribution patterns, as well as pop ...
... become piscivorous at larger sizes. Vendace is a pelagic species specialized in eating zooplankton. Vendace was expected to affect biotic interactions and habitat use of roach and perch, both directly and indirectly. I used monitoring data to examine how species distribution patterns, as well as pop ...
do similar communities develop in similar sites? a test
... sites due to historical factors (colonization, disturbance, etc.). We asked ‘‘Do similar zooplankton communities develop in similar ponds?’’ We compared zooplankton community structure and function in 12 newly constructed experimental ponds during 1 yr of natural colonization and analyzed a suite of ...
... sites due to historical factors (colonization, disturbance, etc.). We asked ‘‘Do similar zooplankton communities develop in similar ponds?’’ We compared zooplankton community structure and function in 12 newly constructed experimental ponds during 1 yr of natural colonization and analyzed a suite of ...
Conference program and abstracts. International - CITA-A
... records of biotic responses to past climatic changes. These records encompass past changes diverse in nature, rate, and magnitude, and varying also in specific ecological and biogeographic contexts. I will identify the gaps, challenges and opportunities in using the fossil record more effectively in ...
... records of biotic responses to past climatic changes. These records encompass past changes diverse in nature, rate, and magnitude, and varying also in specific ecological and biogeographic contexts. I will identify the gaps, challenges and opportunities in using the fossil record more effectively in ...
effects of algal and herbivore diversity on the partitioning of biomass
... (Lawler and Morin 1993, Petchey et al. 2002). Longterm data from mechanistically tractable model systems like protist microcosms complement the short term data typically provided by field experiments on larger organisms (Petchey et al. 2002, but see Tilman et al. 2001). Long-term data are likely to ...
... (Lawler and Morin 1993, Petchey et al. 2002). Longterm data from mechanistically tractable model systems like protist microcosms complement the short term data typically provided by field experiments on larger organisms (Petchey et al. 2002, but see Tilman et al. 2001). Long-term data are likely to ...
Investigation of sympatric speciation as the outcome of competition
... comparison between simulations with only one food resource and simulations with two available food resources revealed that complete reproductive isolation caused by disruptive selective pressure exerted by adaptation to different resources plays a curial role in the emergence of sympatric species. M ...
... comparison between simulations with only one food resource and simulations with two available food resources revealed that complete reproductive isolation caused by disruptive selective pressure exerted by adaptation to different resources plays a curial role in the emergence of sympatric species. M ...
1 NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act
... Eucalyptus sp. Cattai (NSW 318983) Eucalyptus sp. Howes Swamp Creek (M. Doherty 19/7/85, NSW 207054) ...
... Eucalyptus sp. Cattai (NSW 318983) Eucalyptus sp. Howes Swamp Creek (M. Doherty 19/7/85, NSW 207054) ...
Paper
... for others, and a species with a diverse repertoire of behaviors may respond differently to climate change than species with less flexible life-history strategies. These differences among zooplankton may have dramatic effects on marine ecosystem structure (Peterson, 2009; Johnson et al., 2011). Pop ...
... for others, and a species with a diverse repertoire of behaviors may respond differently to climate change than species with less flexible life-history strategies. These differences among zooplankton may have dramatic effects on marine ecosystem structure (Peterson, 2009; Johnson et al., 2011). Pop ...
Unit 30D Population and Community Dynamics
... varies both within species and from species to species (Figure 1). With techniques such as DNA sequencing, geneticists have begun to analyze and compare the genetic code of individuals, populations, and entire species. One finding is that the amount of DNA present in different species varies dramati ...
... varies both within species and from species to species (Figure 1). With techniques such as DNA sequencing, geneticists have begun to analyze and compare the genetic code of individuals, populations, and entire species. One finding is that the amount of DNA present in different species varies dramati ...
What can be learnt from a snail?
... migration, together with local selection pressures, must be key components in local adaptation of ecotypes. In an attempt to assess these components, I moved marked individuals from one habitat to the other and used controls moved within habitats, and I also repeated the experiment over four differe ...
... migration, together with local selection pressures, must be key components in local adaptation of ecotypes. In an attempt to assess these components, I moved marked individuals from one habitat to the other and used controls moved within habitats, and I also repeated the experiment over four differe ...
The Economic and Social Aspects of Biodiversity Benefits and Costs
... within the soil. A huge variety of innumerable creatures perform this service, of which we use the example of earthworms as a keystone species. Biodiversity is also essential to the pollination on which a wide range of crops, including forage plants, depend. It is also vital to pest control, without ...
... within the soil. A huge variety of innumerable creatures perform this service, of which we use the example of earthworms as a keystone species. Biodiversity is also essential to the pollination on which a wide range of crops, including forage plants, depend. It is also vital to pest control, without ...
Seasonal shifts in predator diversity
... between predators. For instance, if the size difference between predators is large enough, small predators become vulnerable to predation by large predators. Thus, increasing the size range of predators can promote predation among predators and thereby reduce predator density. In addition, small pre ...
... between predators. For instance, if the size difference between predators is large enough, small predators become vulnerable to predation by large predators. Thus, increasing the size range of predators can promote predation among predators and thereby reduce predator density. In addition, small pre ...
Incorporating Hydrologic Data and Ecohydrologic
... stable state sustained by different structure–function feedback mechanisms (Peterson et al., 1998; Briske et al., 2008). STMs may also identify alternative states that differ from the reference state in terms of one or more ecological processes (e.g., hydrology, nutrient cycling, energy capture and ...
... stable state sustained by different structure–function feedback mechanisms (Peterson et al., 1998; Briske et al., 2008). STMs may also identify alternative states that differ from the reference state in terms of one or more ecological processes (e.g., hydrology, nutrient cycling, energy capture and ...
introduction - RUJA - Universidad de Jaén
... toxic effect (due to the insecticide) hiding potential interaction at lower mixtures concentrations. In addition to mixture, treatment frequency was not relevant because has been also hidden for the drastic effect of the insecticide since the first application. The ecological interactions play a rol ...
... toxic effect (due to the insecticide) hiding potential interaction at lower mixtures concentrations. In addition to mixture, treatment frequency was not relevant because has been also hidden for the drastic effect of the insecticide since the first application. The ecological interactions play a rol ...
The University of Queensland, TC Beirne School of Law
... part of an expansion of a coal mining port, the Abbot Point coal terminal expansion, in Queensland.10 It is timely, due to increased development in Australia on coastlines with substantial quantities of seagrass, to consider whether existing offset policies and laws have been appropriately designed ...
... part of an expansion of a coal mining port, the Abbot Point coal terminal expansion, in Queensland.10 It is timely, due to increased development in Australia on coastlines with substantial quantities of seagrass, to consider whether existing offset policies and laws have been appropriately designed ...
Adaptive Speciation: Epilogue
... Eshel 1983; Taylor 1989; Christiansen 1991; Brown and Pavlovic 1992; Abrams et al. 1993a), but until recently neither its ubiquity nor its significance for the theory of speciation had been appreciated fully. This may, in part, arise from the focus on studying the mean and variance of quantitative g ...
... Eshel 1983; Taylor 1989; Christiansen 1991; Brown and Pavlovic 1992; Abrams et al. 1993a), but until recently neither its ubiquity nor its significance for the theory of speciation had been appreciated fully. This may, in part, arise from the focus on studying the mean and variance of quantitative g ...
Herbivore and predator diversity interactively affect ecosystem
... consumers) and microalgae have produced mixed results. Gamfeldt et al. (2005) found that increasing ciliate diversity decreased algal biomass and increased consumer production, and that algal diversity increased consumer production only at the highest diversity of consumers. In contrast, Fox (2004a) ...
... consumers) and microalgae have produced mixed results. Gamfeldt et al. (2005) found that increasing ciliate diversity decreased algal biomass and increased consumer production, and that algal diversity increased consumer production only at the highest diversity of consumers. In contrast, Fox (2004a) ...
On our best behavior: optimality models in human behavioral ecology
... different conditions of occupied or not occupied pupae, and under different brood sizes, the wasp does different things. Werren appeals to a variety of ecological conditions (male and female reproductive contributions, male-male competition, constraints on jewel wasp mothers etc.) as proposed selec ...
... different conditions of occupied or not occupied pupae, and under different brood sizes, the wasp does different things. Werren appeals to a variety of ecological conditions (male and female reproductive contributions, male-male competition, constraints on jewel wasp mothers etc.) as proposed selec ...
and siphonaria concinna
... through their grazing activities and corresForaging activity of two mid- to low- shore species of ponding dislodgment of other settling species limpet, Patella granulans (Prosobranchia) and Siphonaria concinna (Pulmonata) from an exposed whilst also adding a valuable energy source to the community i ...
... through their grazing activities and corresForaging activity of two mid- to low- shore species of ponding dislodgment of other settling species limpet, Patella granulans (Prosobranchia) and Siphonaria concinna (Pulmonata) from an exposed whilst also adding a valuable energy source to the community i ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.