article - Aquatic Invasions
... been shown to create windows of opportunity for NIS to colonise habitat that might have been otherwise been inaccessible (Dafforn et al. 2012). The removal of indigenous species does not occur only through anthropogenic alterations in habitat. Contamination (Johnston and Roberts 2009) can impact ind ...
... been shown to create windows of opportunity for NIS to colonise habitat that might have been otherwise been inaccessible (Dafforn et al. 2012). The removal of indigenous species does not occur only through anthropogenic alterations in habitat. Contamination (Johnston and Roberts 2009) can impact ind ...
Food web assembly along salt marsh succession
... between studies does exist: Olff, De Leeuw et al. 1997; Olff and Ritchie 1998; van der Wal 1998; van Wijnen, van der Wal et al. 1999; Kuijper 2004; van der Graaf 2006). The following species are preferred: Brent geese: Puccinellia maritima but also marine plants (Olff, De Leeuw et al. 1997; van Wijn ...
... between studies does exist: Olff, De Leeuw et al. 1997; Olff and Ritchie 1998; van der Wal 1998; van Wijnen, van der Wal et al. 1999; Kuijper 2004; van der Graaf 2006). The following species are preferred: Brent geese: Puccinellia maritima but also marine plants (Olff, De Leeuw et al. 1997; van Wijn ...
The microbial food web along salinity gradients
... In the radioactivity incubations, 5-ml samples were incubated with 40 nM leucine (1:9 hot:cold v/v, around 150 Ci mmol31 ) in plastic scintillation vials. This concentration was shown to be saturating in experiments carried out in the May 1993 visit to La Trinitat. Two replicates plus a formaldehyde ...
... In the radioactivity incubations, 5-ml samples were incubated with 40 nM leucine (1:9 hot:cold v/v, around 150 Ci mmol31 ) in plastic scintillation vials. This concentration was shown to be saturating in experiments carried out in the May 1993 visit to La Trinitat. Two replicates plus a formaldehyde ...
Rapid contemporary evolution and clonal food web dynamics
... Character evolution that affects ecological community interactions often occurs contemporaneously with temporal changes in population size, potentially altering the very nature of those dynamics. Such eco-evolutionary processes may be most readily explored in systems with short generations and simpl ...
... Character evolution that affects ecological community interactions often occurs contemporaneously with temporal changes in population size, potentially altering the very nature of those dynamics. Such eco-evolutionary processes may be most readily explored in systems with short generations and simpl ...
key species in a - Books and Journals
... meso-grazers that enter deep into the Baltic Sea and here appear to live at their physiological limit, determined by salinity and temperature tolerance. We review available data on distribution and community ecology to assess the functional role of Idotea in the Baltic Sea and how global change may ...
... meso-grazers that enter deep into the Baltic Sea and here appear to live at their physiological limit, determined by salinity and temperature tolerance. We review available data on distribution and community ecology to assess the functional role of Idotea in the Baltic Sea and how global change may ...
the ecology and microbiology of Vibrio cholerae
... cholera toxin, uses the TCP to enter only those strains of Laboratory experiments indicate that V. cholerae can exist V. cholerae capable of colonizing humans. It then lysoge- in the VBNC state for long periods, presumably allowing nizes invaded cells by integrating its entire genome into them to su ...
... cholera toxin, uses the TCP to enter only those strains of Laboratory experiments indicate that V. cholerae can exist V. cholerae capable of colonizing humans. It then lysoge- in the VBNC state for long periods, presumably allowing nizes invaded cells by integrating its entire genome into them to su ...
predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... different niche (Chang 1996, Snyder and Ives 2003) or targets different life history stages of the prey. This is similar to the notion of ‘‘complementarity’’ among plants in resource use, which would cause a monotonic increase in productivity with increased plant diversity (e.g., Tilman et al. 1996) ...
... different niche (Chang 1996, Snyder and Ives 2003) or targets different life history stages of the prey. This is similar to the notion of ‘‘complementarity’’ among plants in resource use, which would cause a monotonic increase in productivity with increased plant diversity (e.g., Tilman et al. 1996) ...
Conceptual issues in local adaptation
... A large body of theoretical literature is concerned with the interplay between spatially divergent selection and gene flow, and its effect on adaptive evolution. Although much of that work has been motivated by other questions (e.g. maintenance of genetic polymorphism, evolution of specialization, d ...
... A large body of theoretical literature is concerned with the interplay between spatially divergent selection and gene flow, and its effect on adaptive evolution. Although much of that work has been motivated by other questions (e.g. maintenance of genetic polymorphism, evolution of specialization, d ...
Predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... different niche (Chang 1996, Snyder and Ives 2003) or targets different life history stages of the prey. This is similar to the notion of ‘‘complementarity’’ among plants in resource use, which would cause a monotonic increase in productivity with increased plant diversity (e.g., Tilman et al. 1996) ...
... different niche (Chang 1996, Snyder and Ives 2003) or targets different life history stages of the prey. This is similar to the notion of ‘‘complementarity’’ among plants in resource use, which would cause a monotonic increase in productivity with increased plant diversity (e.g., Tilman et al. 1996) ...
Predation, Size, and Composition of Planktons
... choose their food on the basis of its size, the abundance, edibility, and the ease with which it is caught. This is consistent with the concept of size-dependent predation by Alosa. These predators mostly fed on the larger sized Daphnia, which is four times larger than the most of the smaller specie ...
... choose their food on the basis of its size, the abundance, edibility, and the ease with which it is caught. This is consistent with the concept of size-dependent predation by Alosa. These predators mostly fed on the larger sized Daphnia, which is four times larger than the most of the smaller specie ...
predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... different niche (Chang 1996, Snyder and Ives 2003) or targets different life history stages of the prey. This is similar to the notion of ‘‘complementarity’’ among plants in resource use, which would cause a monotonic increase in productivity with increased plant diversity (e.g., Tilman et al. 1996) ...
... different niche (Chang 1996, Snyder and Ives 2003) or targets different life history stages of the prey. This is similar to the notion of ‘‘complementarity’’ among plants in resource use, which would cause a monotonic increase in productivity with increased plant diversity (e.g., Tilman et al. 1996) ...
Importance of the Allee effect for reintroductions1
... Reintroductions and Allee effects According to the Re-introduction Specialist Group of the IUCN, Species Survival Commission (Re-introduction Specialist Group, 1995), a reintroduction is any attempt to establish a species (or any other unambiguously defined lower taxonomic unit) in an area that was ...
... Reintroductions and Allee effects According to the Re-introduction Specialist Group of the IUCN, Species Survival Commission (Re-introduction Specialist Group, 1995), a reintroduction is any attempt to establish a species (or any other unambiguously defined lower taxonomic unit) in an area that was ...
Effects of productivity, disturbance, and ecosystem size on food
... extinctions differs from many metapopulation scenarios, where extinctions arise in small populations due to demographic stochasticity, even in constant environments. When disturbance hits a local population, the population goes extinct with a certain probability. If we assume that these disturbances ...
... extinctions differs from many metapopulation scenarios, where extinctions arise in small populations due to demographic stochasticity, even in constant environments. When disturbance hits a local population, the population goes extinct with a certain probability. If we assume that these disturbances ...
Addendum To General Technical Report SE
... J.P.; Wall, D.H. 2001. The influence of soil biodiversity on hydrological pathways and the transfer of materials between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ecosystems. 4: 421-429. The boundaries between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, known as critical transition zones (CTZ), are dynamic interf ...
... J.P.; Wall, D.H. 2001. The influence of soil biodiversity on hydrological pathways and the transfer of materials between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ecosystems. 4: 421-429. The boundaries between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, known as critical transition zones (CTZ), are dynamic interf ...
Ontario Moose Resource Report for WMU 01A
... Moose Management in Ontario In Ontario, the moose population and its habitat is managed using an ecological approach. This approach takes into account a wide range of factors related to moose and uses the best available science and information on moose populations and harvest. Ontario’s Cervid Ecolo ...
... Moose Management in Ontario In Ontario, the moose population and its habitat is managed using an ecological approach. This approach takes into account a wide range of factors related to moose and uses the best available science and information on moose populations and harvest. Ontario’s Cervid Ecolo ...
introduced browsing mammals in new zealand natural forests
... Abstract. Forest dwelling browsing mammals, notably feral goats and deer, have been introduced to New Zealand over the past 220 years; prior to this such mammals were absent from New Zealand. The New Zealand forested landscape, therefore, presents an almost unique opportunity to determine the impact ...
... Abstract. Forest dwelling browsing mammals, notably feral goats and deer, have been introduced to New Zealand over the past 220 years; prior to this such mammals were absent from New Zealand. The New Zealand forested landscape, therefore, presents an almost unique opportunity to determine the impact ...
Alternative Stable States Generated by Ontogenetic Niche
... but also dilutes (or increases) the reproduction flow (i.e., juvenile recruitment) to a juvenile habitat. Thus, changes in the stagespecific habitat numbers may influence the relative balance of the resource availability in the juvenile and adult habitats (thus, the development of ASS) more signific ...
... but also dilutes (or increases) the reproduction flow (i.e., juvenile recruitment) to a juvenile habitat. Thus, changes in the stagespecific habitat numbers may influence the relative balance of the resource availability in the juvenile and adult habitats (thus, the development of ASS) more signific ...
- Wiley Online Library
... caught overnight using light traps (Meekan et al. 2001) moored c. 100 m off the fringing reef. These traps collect fish at the end of their pelagic phase, immediately prior to their settlement to the reef (Meekan, Milicich & Doherty 1993). Fishes caught in the traps were brought back to the station j ...
... caught overnight using light traps (Meekan et al. 2001) moored c. 100 m off the fringing reef. These traps collect fish at the end of their pelagic phase, immediately prior to their settlement to the reef (Meekan, Milicich & Doherty 1993). Fishes caught in the traps were brought back to the station j ...
The predator-prey power law: Biomass scaling across terrestrial and
... respective predator and prey communities, so that each point is an ecosystem. Mean body mass averages over all individuals in each community (both slopes are k = 0.03 and are not significant). Relative frequencies of different size classes are also near constant, as shown by histograms (bars sum to ...
... respective predator and prey communities, so that each point is an ecosystem. Mean body mass averages over all individuals in each community (both slopes are k = 0.03 and are not significant). Relative frequencies of different size classes are also near constant, as shown by histograms (bars sum to ...
DENSITY-DEPENDENT PREDATION, HABITAT VARIATION, AND
... Abstract. The persistence of prey encountering intense predation varies by species, prey density, and habitat type; however, the collective impact of these factors has rarely been tested experimentally in natural marine systems. Using the thin-shelled clams Mya arenaria and Macoma balthica as prey, ...
... Abstract. The persistence of prey encountering intense predation varies by species, prey density, and habitat type; however, the collective impact of these factors has rarely been tested experimentally in natural marine systems. Using the thin-shelled clams Mya arenaria and Macoma balthica as prey, ...
HABITAT COMPLEXITY INFLUENCES CASCADING EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE PREDATORS J H. G
... among predators. For example, habitat complexity generally decreases encounter rates among predators, thereby reducing the strength of interference interactions and intraguild predation (Swisher et al. 1998, Finke and Denno 2002, Grabowski and Powers 2004, Siddon and Witman 2004, Griffen and Byers 2 ...
... among predators. For example, habitat complexity generally decreases encounter rates among predators, thereby reducing the strength of interference interactions and intraguild predation (Swisher et al. 1998, Finke and Denno 2002, Grabowski and Powers 2004, Siddon and Witman 2004, Griffen and Byers 2 ...
Emergent properties of coupled human-environment sy
... Session eight took place on November 1, 2010 and centered on the discussion of chapter 3.1 “Emergent Properties of Human-Environment Systems” in Sustainability Science: An Introduction. Chapter lead author Billie Turner (Arizona State University) presented his remarks followed by a response from Jim ...
... Session eight took place on November 1, 2010 and centered on the discussion of chapter 3.1 “Emergent Properties of Human-Environment Systems” in Sustainability Science: An Introduction. Chapter lead author Billie Turner (Arizona State University) presented his remarks followed by a response from Jim ...
Hatton etal. 2015. Science
... respective predator and prey communities, so that each point is an ecosystem. Mean body mass averages over all individuals in each community (both slopes are k = 0.03 and are not significant). Relative frequencies of different size classes are also near constant, as shown by histograms (bars sum to ...
... respective predator and prey communities, so that each point is an ecosystem. Mean body mass averages over all individuals in each community (both slopes are k = 0.03 and are not significant). Relative frequencies of different size classes are also near constant, as shown by histograms (bars sum to ...
Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems Research Strategy
... Florida on July 12-15, 2008. The workshop was hosted by the Perry Institute for Marine Science (PIMS) and organized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science’s Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research and the Office of Ocean Explorati ...
... Florida on July 12-15, 2008. The workshop was hosted by the Perry Institute for Marine Science (PIMS) and organized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science’s Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research and the Office of Ocean Explorati ...
Teaching Guide - BioMEDIA Associates
... Photosynthesis: the fundamental energy transforming process on which almost all living things depend. The process of converting light energy into the chemical bond energy contained in organic molecule. Ecosystem: all of the organisms the interact with each other living in a particular environment. E ...
... Photosynthesis: the fundamental energy transforming process on which almost all living things depend. The process of converting light energy into the chemical bond energy contained in organic molecule. Ecosystem: all of the organisms the interact with each other living in a particular environment. E ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.