- Wiley Online Library
... of this simpler function is in its derivation from the marginal value theorem and the fact that in competition experiments it has been shown to outperform the more complex model (Hovestadt et al. 2010). However, it is worth noting that these competition experiments were conducted for populations in ...
... of this simpler function is in its derivation from the marginal value theorem and the fact that in competition experiments it has been shown to outperform the more complex model (Hovestadt et al. 2010). However, it is worth noting that these competition experiments were conducted for populations in ...
2008
... private landholdings and covered 7% of the western United States compared to 48% for lowintensity areas (class 1–3), which were confined to low-productivity high-elevation federal landholdings. Areas within 1 km of rivers were more affected by the human footprint compared to lakes. Percentage human p ...
... private landholdings and covered 7% of the western United States compared to 48% for lowintensity areas (class 1–3), which were confined to low-productivity high-elevation federal landholdings. Areas within 1 km of rivers were more affected by the human footprint compared to lakes. Percentage human p ...
Chemical mediation of interactions among marine organisms
... produced in differentiated tissues and transported there. There is presently no direct evidence to support this hypothesis, since it is only known in a few cases where natural products are biosynthesized within algal thalli.81'101'104 The carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis (CNBH), proposed by Bryant ...
... produced in differentiated tissues and transported there. There is presently no direct evidence to support this hypothesis, since it is only known in a few cases where natural products are biosynthesized within algal thalli.81'101'104 The carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis (CNBH), proposed by Bryant ...
Managing Natural Biodiversity in the Western Australian Wheatbelt
... of individual species and between different species, including taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity; species diversity - including both the number of different species and the relative abundance of each species within and between sites, habitats or geographic areas; ...
... of individual species and between different species, including taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity; species diversity - including both the number of different species and the relative abundance of each species within and between sites, habitats or geographic areas; ...
SAFS Suggested Restricted Electives
... of the complex interactions between ecological dynamics and political processes employing the emerging approach of political ecology. Case studies of environmental degradation (e.g., desertification, logging, mineral extraction, petroleum, water) from various cultural and geographic regions. GE cred ...
... of the complex interactions between ecological dynamics and political processes employing the emerging approach of political ecology. Case studies of environmental degradation (e.g., desertification, logging, mineral extraction, petroleum, water) from various cultural and geographic regions. GE cred ...
Lambden and Johnson 2013 biomass
... An accurate and more detailed understanding of parasite biomass is essential for understanding the flow of energy through ecosystems with additional potential contributions to investigations of the metabolic theory of ecology (Arneberg et al. 1998; George-Nascimento et al. 2004; Hechinger et al. 201 ...
... An accurate and more detailed understanding of parasite biomass is essential for understanding the flow of energy through ecosystems with additional potential contributions to investigations of the metabolic theory of ecology (Arneberg et al. 1998; George-Nascimento et al. 2004; Hechinger et al. 201 ...
trait-mediated indirect interactions in a simple aquatic food web
... Abstract. This investigation examines the role of trait-mediated indirect interactions in a simple aquatic food web. We conducted the experiments in cattle watering tanks in order to establish whether competitive and predator–prey interactions between two species are affected by other species in the ...
... Abstract. This investigation examines the role of trait-mediated indirect interactions in a simple aquatic food web. We conducted the experiments in cattle watering tanks in order to establish whether competitive and predator–prey interactions between two species are affected by other species in the ...
Galápagos macroalgae: A review of the state of ecological knowledge
... since then, more than three hundred species have been reported. However, their ecology and functional role in the ecosystem is not well understood. According to various disparate and in part anecdotal sources of information, abundant and diverse communities exist in the Western regions of the archip ...
... since then, more than three hundred species have been reported. However, their ecology and functional role in the ecosystem is not well understood. According to various disparate and in part anecdotal sources of information, abundant and diverse communities exist in the Western regions of the archip ...
CIESMW orkshop S eries Fishing down the - ICM-CSIC
... can be either direct or indirect (e.g. Gislason et al., 2000), strongly interact with each other in a complex and often unpredictable manner. The highly diversified and complex impacts of fisheries on ecosystems have led, in the late 1990s, to a growing interest in “ecosystem-based management” as a ...
... can be either direct or indirect (e.g. Gislason et al., 2000), strongly interact with each other in a complex and often unpredictable manner. The highly diversified and complex impacts of fisheries on ecosystems have led, in the late 1990s, to a growing interest in “ecosystem-based management” as a ...
A review of the state of ecological knowledge
... since then, more than three hundred species have been reported. However, their ecology and functional role in the ecosystem is not well understood. According to various disparate and in part anecdotal sources of information, abundant and diverse communities exist in the Western regions of the archip ...
... since then, more than three hundred species have been reported. However, their ecology and functional role in the ecosystem is not well understood. According to various disparate and in part anecdotal sources of information, abundant and diverse communities exist in the Western regions of the archip ...
9 Generalist Predators, Food Web Complexities and Biological Pest
... mediated by host plant or shared predators (Holt,1977; Karban & Carey, 1984). Hence, designing effective biological control programs for more than one pest species requires an understanding of all interactions occurring among species within biocontrol communities, not just those among pests and thei ...
... mediated by host plant or shared predators (Holt,1977; Karban & Carey, 1984). Hence, designing effective biological control programs for more than one pest species requires an understanding of all interactions occurring among species within biocontrol communities, not just those among pests and thei ...
BIODIVERSITY AND LITTER DECOMPOSITION IN
... How much biodiversity is needed to maintain ecosystem functioning? Past research typically measured aboveground plant biomass production as one variable of ecosystem functioning and its dependence on plant-species richness. Experiments have shown that, in grassland ecosystems, primary productivity i ...
... How much biodiversity is needed to maintain ecosystem functioning? Past research typically measured aboveground plant biomass production as one variable of ecosystem functioning and its dependence on plant-species richness. Experiments have shown that, in grassland ecosystems, primary productivity i ...
Department of Biology
... science with a focus on preserving the diversity of species and ecosystems. the Biodiversity Conservation course uses the Adirondacks as a case study to explore contemporary issues of climate damage, habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, population, and over-population. Conservation efforts in ...
... science with a focus on preserving the diversity of species and ecosystems. the Biodiversity Conservation course uses the Adirondacks as a case study to explore contemporary issues of climate damage, habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, population, and over-population. Conservation efforts in ...
Workshop: Ecology of Glacier Forelands - MUSE
... environments have brought forward highly interesting new aspects from a variety of geographic regions. Among them are really astonishing and unexpected results which raise the question what are local specifics and what are common traits and mechanisms in such environments. This calls for common appr ...
... environments have brought forward highly interesting new aspects from a variety of geographic regions. Among them are really astonishing and unexpected results which raise the question what are local specifics and what are common traits and mechanisms in such environments. This calls for common appr ...
Interspecific interactions drive chitin and cellulose degradation by
... Additionally, we grew the protist and Burkholderia both alone and in the presence of each individual bacterial species, to determine whether they could exploit those biopolymers in the absence of the mixed bacterial community. We also grew each bacterial species on its own in all 4 treatments to det ...
... Additionally, we grew the protist and Burkholderia both alone and in the presence of each individual bacterial species, to determine whether they could exploit those biopolymers in the absence of the mixed bacterial community. We also grew each bacterial species on its own in all 4 treatments to det ...
Effects of predatory ants on lower trophic levels across a gradient of
... Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) agroecosystems provide a perfect natural setting for investigating whether changes in habitat complexity influence the effects of predators on lower trophic levels. Coffee was traditionally cultivated under diverse, dense shade canopies, but much current production is char ...
... Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) agroecosystems provide a perfect natural setting for investigating whether changes in habitat complexity influence the effects of predators on lower trophic levels. Coffee was traditionally cultivated under diverse, dense shade canopies, but much current production is char ...
The behavioral ecology of amblypygids
... and dangerous. Even the first European scientists had similar views…. To me, however, these creatures do not appear horrible; rather they are extremely fascinating.” ...
... and dangerous. Even the first European scientists had similar views…. To me, however, these creatures do not appear horrible; rather they are extremely fascinating.” ...
Applying the Reference Site Model to Riparian Restoration Sites in
... based on reference sites that recreate specific healthy, diverse, and historically relevant communities (Harris et al. 2006). However, there are few guidelines for restoration practitioners choosing which reference sites to emulate. Along with limited species diversity data from reference sites, the ...
... based on reference sites that recreate specific healthy, diverse, and historically relevant communities (Harris et al. 2006). However, there are few guidelines for restoration practitioners choosing which reference sites to emulate. Along with limited species diversity data from reference sites, the ...
THE SHIFTING IMPORTANCE OF COMPETITION AND FACILITATION ALONG
... (Chapter 1). I show that diversity can ameliorate the microclimate to create local conditions that are cooler and more humid, and these effects can facilitate seedling growth and survival. I show that competition appears to increase as seedlings grow in size, but this size-structured change may be d ...
... (Chapter 1). I show that diversity can ameliorate the microclimate to create local conditions that are cooler and more humid, and these effects can facilitate seedling growth and survival. I show that competition appears to increase as seedlings grow in size, but this size-structured change may be d ...
Management of Marsh-Upland Transitional Habitats
... Sources of variability are numerous and include the interactions of tidal and freshwater influences, underlying biotic and abiotic factors, and other ecological processes. Efforts to map transition zones for long term conservation and climate mitigation should focus on practical and mappable measure ...
... Sources of variability are numerous and include the interactions of tidal and freshwater influences, underlying biotic and abiotic factors, and other ecological processes. Efforts to map transition zones for long term conservation and climate mitigation should focus on practical and mappable measure ...
Agents of Pattern Formation: Disturbance Regimes
... create landscape patterns, but rather interact with the physical template and biotic processes, often in synergistic ways, to affect landscape patterns. Indeed, in real landscapes it is exceedingly difficult to isolate the independent affects of these three agents because they are typically confound ...
... create landscape patterns, but rather interact with the physical template and biotic processes, often in synergistic ways, to affect landscape patterns. Indeed, in real landscapes it is exceedingly difficult to isolate the independent affects of these three agents because they are typically confound ...
Pausch J., Kramer S., Scharroba A., Scheunemann N
... 1. The complexity of soil food webs and the cryptic habitat hamper the analyses of pools, fluxes and turnover rates of carbon (C) in organisms and the insight into their interactions. Stable isotope analysis has been increasingly used to disentangle soil food web structure, yet it has not been applie ...
... 1. The complexity of soil food webs and the cryptic habitat hamper the analyses of pools, fluxes and turnover rates of carbon (C) in organisms and the insight into their interactions. Stable isotope analysis has been increasingly used to disentangle soil food web structure, yet it has not been applie ...
Invisible invaders: non-pathogenic invasive microbes in aquatic and
... (Sakai et al. 2001). Higher values of traits associated with performance (e.g. growth rate, resource acquisition capability) are also a characteristic of invasive species, at least in plants (van Kleunen et al. 2010). Are these traits characteristic of invasive microbes? Many groups of microbes have ...
... (Sakai et al. 2001). Higher values of traits associated with performance (e.g. growth rate, resource acquisition capability) are also a characteristic of invasive species, at least in plants (van Kleunen et al. 2010). Are these traits characteristic of invasive microbes? Many groups of microbes have ...
Patterns of disturbance and recovery in littoral rock pools
... Femino 81 Mathleson 1980 Sze 1980, 1982), or to biological processes such as predatlon and competition ( D e t h ~ e r1982 L u b c h ~ n r o1982 Chapman 1990, Metaxas & Scheibling 1993) Only one study has considered the role of disturbance in rock pools (Dethler 1984) Thls contrasts with the relativ ...
... Femino 81 Mathleson 1980 Sze 1980, 1982), or to biological processes such as predatlon and competition ( D e t h ~ e r1982 L u b c h ~ n r o1982 Chapman 1990, Metaxas & Scheibling 1993) Only one study has considered the role of disturbance in rock pools (Dethler 1984) Thls contrasts with the relativ ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.