Ecosystem-Encyclopedia-Research-Project-Directions
... food chain unbalanced and then show or explain what will happen to the populations of each organism in the food chain as a result of removing a specific organism. Be sure to include a picture for each organism in your broken food chain. 15. Slide 15: FOOD WEB – Include an explanation of a food web a ...
... food chain unbalanced and then show or explain what will happen to the populations of each organism in the food chain as a result of removing a specific organism. Be sure to include a picture for each organism in your broken food chain. 15. Slide 15: FOOD WEB – Include an explanation of a food web a ...
Habitat–performance relationships: finding the right metric at a given
... much of the literature we cite. Some of this literature includes analytical methods for which selection refers to disproportionate use relative to availability of resources, which is in fact the quantity of the resource within a specified area and period of study. Thus, habitat selection encompasses ...
... much of the literature we cite. Some of this literature includes analytical methods for which selection refers to disproportionate use relative to availability of resources, which is in fact the quantity of the resource within a specified area and period of study. Thus, habitat selection encompasses ...
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
... in the configuration of habitat (Andrén, 1994; Fahrig, 2003). Use of ‘‘habitat fragmentation’’ to describe both processes obscures the fact that the habitat loss has a much stronger negative impact on biodiversity than fragmentation per se, which generally has weak effects that can be both positive ...
... in the configuration of habitat (Andrén, 1994; Fahrig, 2003). Use of ‘‘habitat fragmentation’’ to describe both processes obscures the fact that the habitat loss has a much stronger negative impact on biodiversity than fragmentation per se, which generally has weak effects that can be both positive ...
THE IMPLICATIONS OF INTRAGUILD PREDATION FOR THE ROLE
... assemblages of several species. Other evidence finds that spiders prey on each other and other generalist predators, and as such are of limited value in biological control. Such predatory interactions between species which use similar resources have been dubbed intraguild predation (IGP) due to thei ...
... assemblages of several species. Other evidence finds that spiders prey on each other and other generalist predators, and as such are of limited value in biological control. Such predatory interactions between species which use similar resources have been dubbed intraguild predation (IGP) due to thei ...
Wolves, people, and brown bears influence the expansion of the
... Abstract. Interspecific competition can influence the distribution and abundance of species and the structure of ecological communities and entire ecosystems. Interactions between apex predators can have cascading effects through the entire natural community, which supports broadening the scope of c ...
... Abstract. Interspecific competition can influence the distribution and abundance of species and the structure of ecological communities and entire ecosystems. Interactions between apex predators can have cascading effects through the entire natural community, which supports broadening the scope of c ...
- Wiley Online Library
... phylogenetically independent replicates that were also known to interact with the grasshopper prey in the study area. Moreover, distinctions between hunting modes in our study system are typically enabled by differences in predator morphology, which is phylogenetically linked. For example, the sit-a ...
... phylogenetically independent replicates that were also known to interact with the grasshopper prey in the study area. Moreover, distinctions between hunting modes in our study system are typically enabled by differences in predator morphology, which is phylogenetically linked. For example, the sit-a ...
Aspects of Ecology and Adaptation with an Emphasis on hominoid
... "It is somewhat more probable that our early progenitors lived on the African continent than elsewhere" (Darwin 1871, p. 171). This oft-quoted supposition is firmly engrained in the literature and minds of evolutionists or, more specifically, palaeoanthropologists. Indeed, fossil evidence does provi ...
... "It is somewhat more probable that our early progenitors lived on the African continent than elsewhere" (Darwin 1871, p. 171). This oft-quoted supposition is firmly engrained in the literature and minds of evolutionists or, more specifically, palaeoanthropologists. Indeed, fossil evidence does provi ...
Chapter 15: Evolution
... Overpopulation • Within a population, there are more offspring produced in each generation than can possibly survive SACCONE IS THE COOLEST ...
... Overpopulation • Within a population, there are more offspring produced in each generation than can possibly survive SACCONE IS THE COOLEST ...
A Report Card on Ecocriticism - Association for the Study of
... work, but they are not synonymous terms. Why no scholars have taken the time and effort to explain the differences at length is, perhaps, a matter for some speculation, but we may be certain that there are very real consequences that we need to be aware of when we do consider the differences. One of ...
... work, but they are not synonymous terms. Why no scholars have taken the time and effort to explain the differences at length is, perhaps, a matter for some speculation, but we may be certain that there are very real consequences that we need to be aware of when we do consider the differences. One of ...
Review on Periphyton as Mediator of Nutrient Transfer in Aquatic
... periphytic candidate. Other algal communities also play a key role in periphyton formation and nutrient addition to periphytic complex through their surfaces that provide potential habitats for several bacteria from early successional stages. A study on algal bacterial interactions revealed that in ...
... periphytic candidate. Other algal communities also play a key role in periphyton formation and nutrient addition to periphytic complex through their surfaces that provide potential habitats for several bacteria from early successional stages. A study on algal bacterial interactions revealed that in ...
The need for integrative approaches to understand and conserve
... complex ways in which seasons are likely to interact in limiting populations. Sutherland (1996) showed it is impossible to predict the effect of habitat loss in one part of the migratory cycle without knowledge of demographic rates and their density-dependence in other parts of the cycle. A reductio ...
... complex ways in which seasons are likely to interact in limiting populations. Sutherland (1996) showed it is impossible to predict the effect of habitat loss in one part of the migratory cycle without knowledge of demographic rates and their density-dependence in other parts of the cycle. A reductio ...
evidence of top-down control
... have large detrimental effects on the population sizes of their prey, because these predators had coexisted with their prey for long periods and killed only non-reproductive or surplus individuals that were destined to die in any case (Errington 1956). Mortality caused by predation was therefore con ...
... have large detrimental effects on the population sizes of their prey, because these predators had coexisted with their prey for long periods and killed only non-reproductive or surplus individuals that were destined to die in any case (Errington 1956). Mortality caused by predation was therefore con ...
cedarcreek.umn.edu - Wiley Online Library
... population had three advantages over measuring selection on naturally occurring populations: we were able to compare selection on populations of the same genetic composition grown in two environments, so any observed differences between treatments cannot result from differences in trait variation am ...
... population had three advantages over measuring selection on naturally occurring populations: we were able to compare selection on populations of the same genetic composition grown in two environments, so any observed differences between treatments cannot result from differences in trait variation am ...
MB_18_win
... • Control of Internal Conditions – Conformers are organisms that do not regulate their internal conditions; they change as their external environment changes. – Regulators use energy to control some of their internal conditions. ...
... • Control of Internal Conditions – Conformers are organisms that do not regulate their internal conditions; they change as their external environment changes. – Regulators use energy to control some of their internal conditions. ...
fires, ecological effects of
... as an adaptive response to fire. Non-sprouting shrubs are particularly common in chaparral and similar shrublands and require fire to release seeds from serotinous cones or to stimulate germination. Among trees in fire-prone forests, many conifers do not sprout and a few eucalypts are also killed by fir ...
... as an adaptive response to fire. Non-sprouting shrubs are particularly common in chaparral and similar shrublands and require fire to release seeds from serotinous cones or to stimulate germination. Among trees in fire-prone forests, many conifers do not sprout and a few eucalypts are also killed by fir ...
Wytham publications - Bodleian Libraries
... Wytham publications From 1990, publications have been included that are based on work carried out at the Wytham Field Station and farmland, and work that uses species from these areas. For theses see the Wytham theses list. References are listed in alphabetical order by name. A ACKLAND,M. (1961). Fa ...
... Wytham publications From 1990, publications have been included that are based on work carried out at the Wytham Field Station and farmland, and work that uses species from these areas. For theses see the Wytham theses list. References are listed in alphabetical order by name. A ACKLAND,M. (1961). Fa ...
Ecological speciation - Nosil Lab of Evolutionary Biology
... differences in mate preferences evolve ultimately because of divergent selection between environments (Schluter 2000, 2001; Boughman 2002). Models involving divergent selection between environments include spatial variation in natural selection on secondary sexual traits (Lande 1982) and on mating o ...
... differences in mate preferences evolve ultimately because of divergent selection between environments (Schluter 2000, 2001; Boughman 2002). Models involving divergent selection between environments include spatial variation in natural selection on secondary sexual traits (Lande 1982) and on mating o ...
Document
... populations were phenotypically more diverse, less stable and less productive compared to non- ...
... populations were phenotypically more diverse, less stable and less productive compared to non- ...
Consumer Fronts, Global Change, and Runaway Collapse
... & Odum 1953; Whittaker 1953, 1970; Teal 1962; Aber & Melillo 1991; Tansley 2010). Across all ecosystems, those dominated by plants (e.g., tundra, grasslands, kelp forest, seagrasses, mangroves, and salt marshes as well as tropical, temperate, and boreal forests) are typically green in appearance dur ...
... & Odum 1953; Whittaker 1953, 1970; Teal 1962; Aber & Melillo 1991; Tansley 2010). Across all ecosystems, those dominated by plants (e.g., tundra, grasslands, kelp forest, seagrasses, mangroves, and salt marshes as well as tropical, temperate, and boreal forests) are typically green in appearance dur ...
Open Access
... sometimes exceed that of vascular plants in tropical rainforests, at least at small spatial scales (Wilson et al. 2012). Particularly in the Nordic countries, semi-natural grasslands are highly significant for the overall biodiversity in agricultural landscapes (Cousins and Lindborg 2008). Biodivers ...
... sometimes exceed that of vascular plants in tropical rainforests, at least at small spatial scales (Wilson et al. 2012). Particularly in the Nordic countries, semi-natural grasslands are highly significant for the overall biodiversity in agricultural landscapes (Cousins and Lindborg 2008). Biodivers ...
A framework for comparing processes of speciation in the
... Box 2 Potential examples of multiple-effect traits Numerous examples of possible multiple-effect traits have been proposed in recent years, but few cases have been fully analysed. Work that has focused largely on the signalling component of the mate recognition system has proposed the existence of m ...
... Box 2 Potential examples of multiple-effect traits Numerous examples of possible multiple-effect traits have been proposed in recent years, but few cases have been fully analysed. Work that has focused largely on the signalling component of the mate recognition system has proposed the existence of m ...
A New Approach to Homeostatic Regulation: Towards a Unified
... severe drawback that it forces the whole range of potential values of x and y in one formula. As such, it does not allow for qualitative changes in the reaction of organism to different ranges of resource nutrient stoichiometry as are implicit in many of the other approaches (e.g. [15]). Since this ...
... severe drawback that it forces the whole range of potential values of x and y in one formula. As such, it does not allow for qualitative changes in the reaction of organism to different ranges of resource nutrient stoichiometry as are implicit in many of the other approaches (e.g. [15]). Since this ...
Negative frequency-dependent selection is frequently
... explained by negative frequency-dependent selection, where genetic diversity is maintained when a variant becomes disadvantageous as it becomes more frequent, and polymorphisms that are more accurately explained by other process. Numerous ecological interactions can result in a selective advantage f ...
... explained by negative frequency-dependent selection, where genetic diversity is maintained when a variant becomes disadvantageous as it becomes more frequent, and polymorphisms that are more accurately explained by other process. Numerous ecological interactions can result in a selective advantage f ...
Negative frequency-dependent selection is frequently confounding
... explained by negative frequency-dependent selection, where genetic diversity is maintained when a variant becomes disadvantageous as it becomes more frequent, and polymorphisms that are more accurately explained by other process. Numerous ecological interactions can result in a selective advantage f ...
... explained by negative frequency-dependent selection, where genetic diversity is maintained when a variant becomes disadvantageous as it becomes more frequent, and polymorphisms that are more accurately explained by other process. Numerous ecological interactions can result in a selective advantage f ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.