Ingredients for protist coexistence: competition, endosymbiosis and
... 1. The interaction between mutualism, facilitation or interference and exploitation competition is of major interest as it may govern species coexistence. However, the interplay of these mechanisms has received little attention. This issue dates back to Gause, who experimentally explored competition ...
... 1. The interaction between mutualism, facilitation or interference and exploitation competition is of major interest as it may govern species coexistence. However, the interplay of these mechanisms has received little attention. This issue dates back to Gause, who experimentally explored competition ...
Conservation Biology for All - Society for Conservation Biology
... Box 3.3: Ecosystem services and agroecosystems in a landscape context (Teja Tscharntke) 3.5 Mobile Links Box 3.4: Conservation of plant-animal mutualisms (Priya Davidar) Box 3.5: Consequences of pollinator decline for the global food supply (Claire Kremen) 3.6 Nature’s Cures versus Emerging Diseases ...
... Box 3.3: Ecosystem services and agroecosystems in a landscape context (Teja Tscharntke) 3.5 Mobile Links Box 3.4: Conservation of plant-animal mutualisms (Priya Davidar) Box 3.5: Consequences of pollinator decline for the global food supply (Claire Kremen) 3.6 Nature’s Cures versus Emerging Diseases ...
Context dependency in acorn predation and dispersal Apodemus sylvaticus
... moment. On the other hand, we have also documented other behaviours that show a rather fixed trend, such as the preference for bigger and sound acorns. In this sense, these more fixed behaviours might represent important selective pressures on the life history traits of the plants they interact with ...
... moment. On the other hand, we have also documented other behaviours that show a rather fixed trend, such as the preference for bigger and sound acorns. In this sense, these more fixed behaviours might represent important selective pressures on the life history traits of the plants they interact with ...
Population Dynamics: General Results from Local Analysis Thilo Groß
... Mathematical models are frequently used to investigate the dynamics of interacting populations. In these models the biological interactions are usually described by simple mathematical functions. However, simple functions can hardly capture the complexity of biological interactions. The use of simpl ...
... Mathematical models are frequently used to investigate the dynamics of interacting populations. In these models the biological interactions are usually described by simple mathematical functions. However, simple functions can hardly capture the complexity of biological interactions. The use of simpl ...
Kelp Forest Ecosystems - Digital Commons @ UMaine
... North American case studies of kelp forests were examined to determine their long history with humans and project the status of future kelp forests to the year 2025. Fishing impacts on kelp forest systems have been both profound and much longer in duration than previously thought. Archaeological dat ...
... North American case studies of kelp forests were examined to determine their long history with humans and project the status of future kelp forests to the year 2025. Fishing impacts on kelp forest systems have been both profound and much longer in duration than previously thought. Archaeological dat ...
Why Natural Selection cannot Explain Rationality
... constraints. For instance, if a zebra were given a choice, holding everything else constant, it would choose the trait of faster speed over slower speed under some conditions, and vice versa under other conditions. Such conditions include the speed of predators, terrain, the cost of developing the m ...
... constraints. For instance, if a zebra were given a choice, holding everything else constant, it would choose the trait of faster speed over slower speed under some conditions, and vice versa under other conditions. Such conditions include the speed of predators, terrain, the cost of developing the m ...
Free Sample
... TOP: 1.1 WHAT IS LIFE? CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING ORGANISMS 23. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are examples of ____. a. anabolism b. catabolism c. synthesis d. metabolism e. cleavage ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension TOP: 1.1 WHAT ...
... TOP: 1.1 WHAT IS LIFE? CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING ORGANISMS 23. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are examples of ____. a. anabolism b. catabolism c. synthesis d. metabolism e. cleavage ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult OBJ: Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge | Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension TOP: 1.1 WHAT ...
Salt Marsh Litter and Detritivores
... feed on both littoral and supralittoral plant debris (Rietsma et al. 1982; Valiela and Rietsma 1984; Zimmer et al. 2002), increasing within-guild diversity of detritivores. Decomposition of plant litter can be described in terms of litter mass-loss that is due to feeding and digestion by detritivoro ...
... feed on both littoral and supralittoral plant debris (Rietsma et al. 1982; Valiela and Rietsma 1984; Zimmer et al. 2002), increasing within-guild diversity of detritivores. Decomposition of plant litter can be described in terms of litter mass-loss that is due to feeding and digestion by detritivoro ...
“History of Evolutionary Thought” Game Cards: 3 pts. Darwin
... husbandry and cultivated plants are examples of what type of selection? 4 pts. Natural selection occurs at what level – the individual, population, community, ecosystem or biosphere? ...
... husbandry and cultivated plants are examples of what type of selection? 4 pts. Natural selection occurs at what level – the individual, population, community, ecosystem or biosphere? ...
abstracts / oral presentations - Association for Tropical Biology and
... and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity”, a theme that is particularly relevant for tropical ecosystems which are still under constant pressure by conversion to agriculture and pastures, are in most cases unsustainably exploited for their goods and faced therefore high degradatio ...
... and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity”, a theme that is particularly relevant for tropical ecosystems which are still under constant pressure by conversion to agriculture and pastures, are in most cases unsustainably exploited for their goods and faced therefore high degradatio ...
Namoi Catchment Action Plan 2010–2020
... systems; that is, it assumes that people, wherever they live, are dependent on ecosystems. Social-ecological systems are complex adaptive systems that change in ways that may not be predictable, linear or incremental. These systems can also change state in response to either a shock or a slow patter ...
... systems; that is, it assumes that people, wherever they live, are dependent on ecosystems. Social-ecological systems are complex adaptive systems that change in ways that may not be predictable, linear or incremental. These systems can also change state in response to either a shock or a slow patter ...
Dynamics of the aphid-ant mutualism
... Aphids are one of the best examples of trade-offs between investment in reproduction and dispersal. Various types of seasonal host alternation between woody and herbaceous plants occur among aphids and enable them to gain high productivity from each season (Fig. 1). The alate morph has wings and a r ...
... Aphids are one of the best examples of trade-offs between investment in reproduction and dispersal. Various types of seasonal host alternation between woody and herbaceous plants occur among aphids and enable them to gain high productivity from each season (Fig. 1). The alate morph has wings and a r ...
J. John Sepkoski, Jr.
... good) by adding nutrients; it’s not that simple. A principal reason that we often misinterpret marine eutrophication is that insufficient consideration is given to the hydrodynamic and biogeochemical complexity of the environment as well as the biodiversity of the microbial community (Paerl, 1998). I ...
... good) by adding nutrients; it’s not that simple. A principal reason that we often misinterpret marine eutrophication is that insufficient consideration is given to the hydrodynamic and biogeochemical complexity of the environment as well as the biodiversity of the microbial community (Paerl, 1998). I ...
Phillips et al.
... to predation risk, basal resources may increase. Studies of introduced and native predators typically examine the effects of one predator at a time. Many communities, however, have been invaded by multiple predators (Ross 1991, Elvira et al. 1996, Gamradt and Kats 1996, Kiesecker and Blaustein 1998) ...
... to predation risk, basal resources may increase. Studies of introduced and native predators typically examine the effects of one predator at a time. Many communities, however, have been invaded by multiple predators (Ross 1991, Elvira et al. 1996, Gamradt and Kats 1996, Kiesecker and Blaustein 1998) ...
Contemporary Criticisms of the Received
... anthology that, ancillary to the American-character rationale, the wilderness idea is liable to the allegation of racism, not to be confused with ethnocentrism. Aldo Leopold (1998, emphasis added), early in his career a warm supporter of the American-character rationale for wilderness preservation, ...
... anthology that, ancillary to the American-character rationale, the wilderness idea is liable to the allegation of racism, not to be confused with ethnocentrism. Aldo Leopold (1998, emphasis added), early in his career a warm supporter of the American-character rationale for wilderness preservation, ...
POSITIVE INDIRECT EFFECTS OF REEF FISHES ON KELP
... biomass of mesograzers, grazing intensity, and the performance of giant kelp, have not been sufficiently quantified and evaluated as to their importance and in the absence of such disturbance events. We examined experimentally the effects of mesograzers on the growth and performance of giant kelp in t ...
... biomass of mesograzers, grazing intensity, and the performance of giant kelp, have not been sufficiently quantified and evaluated as to their importance and in the absence of such disturbance events. We examined experimentally the effects of mesograzers on the growth and performance of giant kelp in t ...
best practice in restoration
... pollination networks characterise the interactions between pollinators and flowers, and seed dispersal networks quantify the interactions between seed dispersers and seeds. These interactions form the basis of many ecological functions and ecosystem services, and they can have a profound impact on a ...
... pollination networks characterise the interactions between pollinators and flowers, and seed dispersal networks quantify the interactions between seed dispersers and seeds. These interactions form the basis of many ecological functions and ecosystem services, and they can have a profound impact on a ...
BEST PRACTICE IN RESTORATION
... pollination networks characterise the interactions between pollinators and flowers, and seed dispersal networks quantify the interactions between seed dispersers and seeds. These interactions form the basis of many ecological functions and ecosystem services, and they can have a profound impact on a ...
... pollination networks characterise the interactions between pollinators and flowers, and seed dispersal networks quantify the interactions between seed dispersers and seeds. These interactions form the basis of many ecological functions and ecosystem services, and they can have a profound impact on a ...
Conservation Biology for All
... Box 3.3: Ecosystem services and agroecosystems in a landscape context (Teja Tscharntke) 3.5 Mobile Links Box 3.4: Conservation of plant-animal mutualisms (Priya Davidar) Box 3.5: Consequences of pollinator decline for the global food supply (Claire Kremen) 3.6 Nature’s Cures versus Emerging Diseases ...
... Box 3.3: Ecosystem services and agroecosystems in a landscape context (Teja Tscharntke) 3.5 Mobile Links Box 3.4: Conservation of plant-animal mutualisms (Priya Davidar) Box 3.5: Consequences of pollinator decline for the global food supply (Claire Kremen) 3.6 Nature’s Cures versus Emerging Diseases ...
Sympatric speciation in animals: the ugly duckling grows up
... they are small, be subject to strong genetic drift, which leads to REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION. The work of Dobzhansky and Muller in the 1930s–1940s (reviews in Ref. 3 and Turelli et al.4, this issue) provided a ready genetic mechanism for ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION. In geographically isolated populations, re ...
... they are small, be subject to strong genetic drift, which leads to REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION. The work of Dobzhansky and Muller in the 1930s–1940s (reviews in Ref. 3 and Turelli et al.4, this issue) provided a ready genetic mechanism for ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION. In geographically isolated populations, re ...
EFFECTS OF AN INVASIVE CONSUMER ON ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES ARE by
... termed “multiple stressor” interactions. Communities whose assemblage was dictated by disturbance, such as in areas of large, recurrent climatic events, could be dramatically altered by interactions between these historical disturbances and new anthropogenic disturbances. Paine et al. (1998) illust ...
... termed “multiple stressor” interactions. Communities whose assemblage was dictated by disturbance, such as in areas of large, recurrent climatic events, could be dramatically altered by interactions between these historical disturbances and new anthropogenic disturbances. Paine et al. (1998) illust ...
Biology II Curriculum - Shamokin Area School District
... biome, biosphere). BIO.B.4.1.2: Describe characteristic biotic and abiotic components of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. BIO.B.4.2.1: Describe how energy flows through an ecosystem (e.g., food chains, food webs, energy ...
... biome, biosphere). BIO.B.4.1.2: Describe characteristic biotic and abiotic components of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. BIO.B.4.2.1: Describe how energy flows through an ecosystem (e.g., food chains, food webs, energy ...
The Keystone Role of Bison in North American Tallgrass Prairie
... prescribed fire. The target animal density of 200 animals was selected so that approximately 25% of aboveground primary production is consumed annually. This consumption rate is approximately half that of tallgrass prairie managed for domestic cattle. The bison herd at Konza Prairie is not provided ...
... prescribed fire. The target animal density of 200 animals was selected so that approximately 25% of aboveground primary production is consumed annually. This consumption rate is approximately half that of tallgrass prairie managed for domestic cattle. The bison herd at Konza Prairie is not provided ...
Wetland ecology - Department of Parks and Wildlife
... The diversity and wealth of life that WA wetlands directly and indirectly support is truly amazing, and forms an important part of Australia’s rich biological diversity. Managing wetlands to sustain this life requires an understanding of the wetland ecology: the living things, and the relationships ...
... The diversity and wealth of life that WA wetlands directly and indirectly support is truly amazing, and forms an important part of Australia’s rich biological diversity. Managing wetlands to sustain this life requires an understanding of the wetland ecology: the living things, and the relationships ...
Four types of interference competition and their impacts on
... and (iv) reduced reproduction rate (e.g., predation on egg or larvae). Foraging interference and metabolic interference directly affects individual physiology while survival and reproduction interference directly affect population demographic quantities. The four different types of interference comp ...
... and (iv) reduced reproduction rate (e.g., predation on egg or larvae). Foraging interference and metabolic interference directly affects individual physiology while survival and reproduction interference directly affect population demographic quantities. The four different types of interference comp ...
Ecology
Ecology (from Greek: οἶκος, ""house""; -λογία, ""study of"") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms; as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. An important focus for ecologists is to improve the understanding of how biodiversity affects ecological function. Ecologists seek to explain: Life processes, interactions and adaptations The movement of materials and energy through living communities The successional development of ecosystems The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment.Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). For example, the Circles of Sustainability approach treats ecology as more than the environment 'out there'. It is not treated as separate from humans. Organisms (including humans) and resources compose ecosystems which, in turn, maintain biophysical feedback mechanisms that moderate processes acting on living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of the planet. Ecosystems sustain life-supporting functions and produce natural capital like biomass production (food, fuel, fiber and medicine), the regulation of climate, global biogeochemical cycles, water filtration, soil formation, erosion control, flood protection and many other natural features of scientific, historical, economic, or intrinsic value.The word ""ecology"" (""Ökologie"") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ecological thought is derivative of established currents in philosophy, particularly from ethics and politics. Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology became a much more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts relating to adaptation and natural selection became the cornerstones of modern ecological theory.