Download history of cell biology and parts of a microscope

History OF CELL BIOLOGY
AND PARTS OF A
MICROSCOPE
ANITHA VIJAYAN
B.Ed STUDENT

OBJECTIVES

HISTORY OF CELL BIOLOGY

MICROSCOPE

PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE

REFERENCE


TO understand the history of cell biology.
To understand the contributions of scientists
in the field of cell biology .

To study about microscope.

To study the different parts of a microscope.
 1485
- da vinci invented the use of lenses.
 1595
– Jansen invented the 1st compound
microscope.
 1655
– Robert Hooke described “Cells” in cork.
 1674
– Leeuwenhoek discovered protozoa.
 1833
–Robert Brown described Cell Nucleus in
orchid.
 1838-1839
– Schleiden and Schwann proposed
the Cell Theory.

1840 – Albrecht von Roelliker found out that sperms
and eggs are also cells.

1856 – N.Pringsheim found out how sperms
penetrates into egg.

1858 – Rodolf Virchow find out that Cells comes only
from pre-existing cells.

1857 – Kolliker described Mitochondria.



1879 – Flemming described the chromosome
behavior
during mitosis.
1883 – Bovery and Sutton described the Chromosome
theory of heredity.
 1898 – Golgi described the Golgi apparatus.
 1938 - Behren used differential centrifugation to
separate
nuclei from cytoplasm.
 1939 – Siemens produced the first transmission
electron
microscope.
 1952 – Gey and coworkers establish the continues
human cell line.
 1955 – Eagle defined the nutritional needs of the
animal cell in culture.

1965 – Ham introduce a defined serum free
medium.

1965 – Cambridge Instruments produced the first
commercial scanning electron microscope.



1976 – Sato and colleagues published the papers
showing that different cell lines require different
mixtures of hormones and growth factors in serum
free media.
1981 – Transgenic mice and fruit flies were
produced. Mouse embryonic stem cell line
established.
1998 – Mice were cloned from somatic cells.
Microscopes are used to see objects that are
invisible to knacked eye.
 Magnification and resolving power
determines the quality of the microscope.
 Magnification – Magnification of the eye piece
and objective.
 Resolving power – Ability to reveal closely
adjacent structural details.
 Two forms of microscopes-Monocular And
Binocular.


EYE PIECE

OBJECTIVE

BODY TUBE

STAGE

ARM

IRIS DIAPHRAM

COURSEADJESTMENTS

CONDENSER

FINE ADJESTMENTS

MIRROR

NOSE PIECE

BASE
MICROSCOPE
EYE PIECE

Composed of two plano convex lenses.

Different magnifications – 5x,10x,15x,20x

Lesser magnification gives sharper images.
BODY TUBE


It is a cylindrical tube
Upper end- Eye piece; Lower end –Nose
piece
Up and Down movement helps in focusing.
ARM

Supports the body tube.

Helps to carry the microscope in hand.

It gives correct height and angulation to the body
tube.
COURSE ADJESTMENT


Moves the body tube up and down ,inorder to find
the perfect position to focus the specimen.
It can be used only in low power objective.
FINE ADJUSTMENT



Used to achieve the fine focus of a specimen.
Moves the body tube up and down ,inorder to find
the perfect position.
Used at both low power and high power objective.
NOSE PIECE

This is the revolving mouth

Objectives of varying focal length are screwed here
OBJECTIVE

Objective lenses are fitted to nose piece.

Each objective has more than one plano convex
lenses.
STAGE

It is a platform., which admits light from the
mirror.

It have a pair of clips that holds the slides.

Regulate the light.

It is controlled by a lever .
IRIS DIAPHRAGM
CONDENSER

It s a lens located above the diaphragm.

Its position can be controlled by knob.

It is situated below the stage.

It has a concave and flat surface.

It reflects light through diaphragm to the
condenser
MIRROR
BASE

It gives a firm steady support.

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