* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 11 Gregor Mendel
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Ridge (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Gene desert wikipedia , lookup
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Gene nomenclature wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified crops wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Hybrid (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Dominance (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics Who was Gregor Mendel? •He was known as the “FATHER OF GENETICS” •He discovered how traits were inherited GENETICS – study of heredity HEREDITY – the passing of traits from parents to offspring Mendel’s Peas •Mendel did his study on pea plants •Pea plants have many traits (tall/short, purple flowers/white flowers) •Pea plants can be self-fertilized or cross-fertilized Types of Plants 1.True-Breeding - these plants always create plants that look like themselves 2.Hybrids – offspring of truebreeding plants Tall x Short = Hybrid Dominance Some traits are dominant over others. Tall x Short = all tall offspring (hybrids) *Tall is the dominant trait * Short is recessive Genes and Alleles Mendel discovered that each trait is controlled by two factors (alleles) Genes – factors that determine your traits GENOTYPE - what genes, letters, the organism has (TT, Tt, tt) PHENOTYPE - what it looks like (tall or short) Mendel’s Experiments Draw the crosses Explaining the Cross When a parent makes sperm or eggs, their genes separate (PRINCIPLE OF SEGREGATION) The GAMETES (egg or sperm) contain either a T allele (tall) or a t allele (short) Homozygous- Homo= same, zygous=gene Same gene this means both genes will be either TT (dominant) or tt (recessive) but they both have to be the same TT = Tall (phenotype) Tt = Short (phenotype) Heterozygous- Hetero=Different, zygous=gene Different gene, this means that both genes will have to be mixed Tt (one dominant one recessive) Tt= Tall (phenotype) Check for understanding 1. A one-eyed purple people eater is crossed with a two eyed purple people eater. All of their offspring have two eyes. Which trait is dominant? 2. If you use the letter E for this gene. What is the genotype of the offspring? Are these offspring the F1 or F2 generation? 4. If you crossed the offspring with each other? How many of the new offspring would you expect to have two eyes? More checking 5. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is known as ___________________________ 6. Who was the father of genetics? __________ 7. A single gene will code for a _______________, such as flower color. 8. Every gene is made of two ______________