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Transcript
Fundamentals of Genetics Genetics – The scientific study of heredity ( the study of how parents pass traits to their offspring ) Gregor Mendel - ( The Father of Modern Genetics ) 1822 – 1884 Successful because: 1. choice of garden pea to study a. seeds readily available b. cultivated quickly c. large number of offspring d. reproductive method ( selfpollination ) e. displayed many distinct traits 2. Used experimental procedure, with careful record keeping a. studied one, two, then three traits at a time b. studied traits for three generations c. counted the results of each generation d. calculated mathematical ratios for each generation Key Vocabulary 1. Parental generation – ( P ) 2. First Filial Generation – ( F1 ) offspring of parents 3. Second Filial Generation – ( F2 ) – offspring of the F1 generation 4. Allele – alternate form of a gene 4. Dominant Traits - appear in the F1 generation 5. Recessive Trait – reappear in the F2 generation 6. Homozygous – ( purebred ) 7. Heterozygous – ( hybrid ) Mendel’s Principles 1. Principle of Dominance - one factor (gene) in a pair may prevent the other factor in the pair from being expressed in the organism 2. Principle of Segregation - The members of each pair of genes (alleles) separate when gametes are formed 3. Principle of Independent Assortment - genes segregate independently during the formation of gametes