Download Fundamentals of Genetics notes

Fundamentals of Genetics
Genetics –
The scientific study of heredity ( the study of
how parents pass traits to their offspring )
Gregor Mendel - ( The
Father of Modern
Genetics )
1822 – 1884
Successful because:
1. choice of garden pea to study
a. seeds readily available
b. cultivated quickly
c. large number of offspring
d. reproductive method ( selfpollination )
e. displayed many distinct traits
2. Used experimental procedure, with
careful record keeping
a. studied one, two, then three traits at a
time
b. studied traits for three generations
c. counted the results of each generation
d. calculated mathematical ratios for
each generation
Key Vocabulary
1. Parental generation – ( P )
2. First Filial Generation – ( F1 ) offspring of parents
3. Second Filial Generation – ( F2 ) – offspring of the
F1 generation
4. Allele – alternate form of a gene
4. Dominant Traits - appear in the F1 generation
5. Recessive Trait – reappear in the F2 generation
6. Homozygous – ( purebred )
7. Heterozygous – ( hybrid )
Mendel’s Principles
1. Principle of Dominance
- one factor (gene) in a pair may prevent the
other factor in the pair from being expressed in the
organism
2. Principle of Segregation
- The members of each pair of genes (alleles)
separate when gametes are formed
3. Principle of Independent Assortment
- genes segregate independently during the
formation of gametes