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Transcript
Cellular Energy • What do you call an organism that can make its own food? • autotroph • What kind of organism has no chloroplasts in its cells? (Has to eat other organisms for energy) • heterotroph • Why do we breathe in oxygen? • So our cells can do cellular respiration • Where does the carbon dioxide we breathe out come from? • Cellular respiration in our cells produces carbon dioxide as waste. • What is the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis? • They are opposites. The products of one are the reactants of the other • What is the term that means without oxygen? • anaerobic • What kind of cellular respiration is anaerobic (uses no oxygen?) • fermentation • What are the two types of fermentation? • Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation • Which kind of fermentation makes your muscles sore? • Lactic acid fermentation • Which kind of fermentation is used in breadmaking, and to make beer and wine? • Alcoholic fermentation • Which kind of cellular respiration will your cells use if you are doing aerobic exercise – fermentation, or the three step process in the mitochondria? • mitochondria • Which kind of respiration produces more ATP’s – fermentation or the kind that uses oxygen? • Cellular respiration with oxygen (in mitochondria) produces much more energy (ATP’s) • How many ATP’s does cellular respiration produce in total? • 38 ATP’s • What is the process of capturing light and converting it to sugars called? • photosynthesis • In what cell organelle does photosynthesis happen? • chloroplast • What is the first phase of photosynthesis called? • Light dependent reaction • What is needed for the light dependent reaction? • Water & sunlight • What pigment captures the light energy in the chloroplast? • chlorophyll • In what part of the chloroplast does the light dependent reaction occur? • thylakoids • What do you call a stack of thylakoids? • A granum (multiple grana) • What does the light dependent phase (first phase) of photosynthesis produce? • Small amount of ATP to power second phase, oxygen, NADPH for phase 2 • What is phase 2 of photosynthesis called? • Calvin cycle, or light independent reaction • In what part of the chloroplast does the light independent reaction (Calvin cycle) occur? • stroma • What is needed for the Calvin cycle that enters through the stomata of the leaf? • Carbon dioxide • In addition to carbon dioxide, what goes into the Calvin cycle? • ATP and NADPH from phase 1 • What is the final product of the Calvin cycle? • glucose • What is the process of releasing energy from glucose molecules called? • Cellular respiration • What is the first phase of cellular respiration called? • glycolysis • What is the second phase of cellular respiration called? • Kreb cycle or citric acid cycle • What is the third phase of cellular respiration? • Electron Transport Chain • What happens during glycolysis? • Sugars get broken down. • What is the name of the molecule produced when glucose is split during glycolysis? • pyruvate • In what part of the cell does glycolysis occur? • cytoplasm • How many ATP’s does glycolysis produce? • 2 ATP’s • Where does the Kreb cycle occur? • Within the inner membrane of the mitochondria (mitochondrion – singular) • What does the Kreb cycle need? • Pyruvates, from glycolysis • How many ATP’s does the Kreb cycle produce? • 2 ATP’s • Where does the electron transport chain occur? • Along the outer membrane of the mitochondria. • How many ATP’s does the electron transport chain produce? • 34 ATP’s