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CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY CLIMATE CHANGE CENTRE THE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ALLIANCE CARIBBEAN SUPPORT PROJECT (Under the 10th EDF Intra-ACP financial framework in the Caribbean) Provision of Technical Assistance and Capacity Building to Prepare INDCs for the Caribbean Forum Countries TECHNICAL REPORT CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................................ 2 1. Background ................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Assignment Context...................................................................................................................... 4 ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................................... 5 GUIDE TO PREPARING AN INDC FOR CARIBBEAN FORUM COUNTRIES .............................................. 6 OTHER SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................................... 7 TEMPLATE FOR A TOR REQUESTING SUPPORT FOR INDC PREPARATION OR REVISION ..................... 8 1 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AOSIS The Alliance of Small Island States CARICOM The Caribbean Community is an organisation of 15 Caribbean nations and dependencies to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, to ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and to coordinate foreign policy CARICOM Members are: Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago CARIFORUM The Caribbean Forum of African, Caribbean and Pacific States is a grouping of Caribbean States which are signatories to the Lomé IV Convention and the main conduit with the European Union CARIFORUM Members are members of CARICOM, with the exception of Dominican Republic COP GHG INDC LDC MRV REDD REDD+ SIDS UNFCCC 2 Conference of the Parties (of UNFCCC) Greenhouse Gas Intended Nationally Determined Contribution Least Developed Country Measureable, Reporting and Verifiable Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest REDD+ goes beyond deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks Small Island Developing States United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 1. BACKGROUND 1. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 19th Conference of the Parties (COP) in Warsaw in 2013 decided that all Parties (participating countries) were to submit Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) as early as possible and by March 2015, for those countries in a position to do so, in the context of achieving the objective of the new climate change agreement to limit global warming to as far below 2° C as possible. The debate about a global objective is therefore now formalized as a desirable benchmark against which global progress should be assessed to identify the gap to bridge to encourage the strengthening of actions. 2. It should be noted that the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) is a coalition of small-island and low-lying coastal countries that share similar development challenges and concerns about the environment, especially their vulnerability to the adverse effects of global climate change. It functions primarily as an ad hoc lobby and negotiating voice for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) within the United Nations system. All CARICOM members are also members of AOSIS except Montserrat and all CARIFORUM members are members. 3. AOSIS submitted a proposal in June 2015 to the UNFCCC body reviewing the adequacy of the current goal of holding warming below 2° C following the conclusion of a science assessment of risks and impacts of climate change at 1.5° C and 2° C warming by the Structured Expert Dialogue. Their report confirms that the current global goal of “below 2° C” entails very high risks and that limiting warming to 1.5° C would significantly reduce impact and damages from climate change. The Structured Expert Dialogue report also confirmed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change findings that limiting warming to 1.5° C is technically feasible, though requires faster action, than the 2° C goal. AOSIS will be lobbying at Paris for the lover threshold of 1.5° C. 4. The COP 20 (in Peru) in 2014 reiterated its call for Parties to submit their INDCs well in advance of COP 21 (in Paris) in December 2015 and by the first quarter of 2015 by those Parties in a position to do so1 and in a manner that facilitates the clarity, transparency and understanding of the INDCs 2. 5. The available guidance indicates that INDCs should include quantifiable information on the reference point (including, as appropriate, a base year), time frames and/or periods for implementation, scope and coverage, planning processes, assumptions and methodological approaches including those for estimating and accounting for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and, as appropriate, removals, and how the Party considers that its INDC is fair and ambitious, in light of its national circumstances, and how it contributes towards achieving the objective of the Convention. 6. It is also anticipated (though not mandatory) that countries could elaborate on adaptation prospects (typically though not exclusively) for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and SIDS to communicate information on strategies, plans and actions for low GHG emission development, reflecting their special circumstances in the context of their INDCs. 7. For those SIDS that have submitted INDCs they have included two parts to the INDC, the Mitigation section and the Adaptation section. 8. Two regional dialogues on INDCs were organised by UNDP for Latin America and the Caribbean on the preparation of the INDCs in 2014. However, the circumstances of CARIFORUM members are quite different from those of the larger more industrialised Latin countries. 9. Since those workshops, the following guidance has been issued: Designing and Preparing INDCs (UNDP, WRI July 2015); A Guide to INDCs (CDKN, 2nd Edition, May 2015); and Process Guidance for Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDCs) (IPMM, November 2014). These three documents represent the best available specific guidance. 1 2 1/CP. 19 para. 2 (b), 1/CP. 20, para. 13 1/CP. 19 para. 2 (b), 1/CP. 20, paras. 9 and 13 3 2. ASSIGNMENT CONTEXT 10. The Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre has received grant funding from the European Union under Grant Contract FED/2011/267-392 for the implementation of an action entitled: Support to the Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA) under the 10th European Development Fund, Intra-African Caribbean Pacific financial framework in the Caribbean. 11. The General Objective of the Assignment is to provide assistance to national experts and scientists in the preparation and submission of INDCs to the Secretariat of the UNFCCC by 1 October 2015 and subsequently. When completed, the technical assistance and training will provide the national experts and scientists with the ability to utilise specific tools to lead and assist their countries in the preparation of INDCs. 12. In accordance with the ToR and the Inception Report, this Technical Report comprises the specific Guidance provided at the workshop, subsequently updated, and other supporting documents used at the workshop. 13. In addition, a template was requested for a ToR requesting INDC Assistance (for the preparation or revision of an INDC). This is also appended. 4 ANNEXES 5 GUIDE TO PREPARING AN INDC FOR CARIBBEAN FORUM COUNTRIES 6 OTHER SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS 7 Ref Title A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Cabo Verde INDC Chad INDC Methodology Chad INDC Trinidad and Tobago INDC Vanuatu INDC Vanuatu Renewable Energy Opportunities US INDC Factsheet 2015 Differentiation in a 2015 Climate Agreement Vision for Paris July 2015 Comparison of INDCs October 2015 Synthesis Report ~ Adaptation example INDC ~ Adaptation example Synthesis Report ~ Mitigation example INDC ~ Mitigation example TEMPLATE FOR A TOR REQUESTING SUPPORT FOR INDC PREPARATION OR REVISION 8