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Caribbean South America Physical Features • The Andes Mountains extend up the west coast of South America and are split into 3 regions called cordilleras. – Central Range- a volcanic area which allows extremely fertile soil. Excellent for growing coffee plants – The Oriental Cordillera (Eastern Range) extends to the and borders Venezuela – The Cordillera de Merida (Western Range) • The Northern part of the Andes is an active volcanic region with many earthquakes • On the eastern part of the Andes, the mountains plunge into lowlands • The Amazon rainforest is in the southeastern corner of Columbia and borders Brazil. • The Orinoco is the largest river in South America. • Along the eastern coastlines there are many swamps and saltwater grasses. Climate and Ecosytems • Because its located on the equator, the climate in northern South America is hot. Their northern climate varies between tropical wet and tropical wet and dry • Because the climate varies so do the ecosystems – The Pacific coast of Columbia have lush rainforests – The Llanos are grasslands and wetlands that have many different plants and animals Settlement • There are many ports set up along the coast of Caribbean South America which have prospered because of trade, fertile soil, and cooler temperatures – Settlers avoided the inlands because of diseases carried by insects • Venezuela is one of South America’s most urban societies. • Many people live on the coastline of the Caribbean South America because of unhealthy living conditions farther inland. Resources • Many crops are grown and exported from the coastal regions of Guyana – Sugarcane, bananas, rice, molasses, shrimp • Venezuela is not suitable for farming, however oil is very important to their economy. • Columbia grow sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed and tobacco at low elevations – Columbia used terraced farming to grow barley, wheat, and potatoes Diversity • The Caribbean region of South America is extremely diverse. • Unlike other regions of South America, there are not many Native Americans in the Caribbean because many died from diseases when the European came. • Many Native Americans married Europeans and their descendents are called mestizos • Native Americans also intermarried with African Americans • In Guyana and Suriname, many people descended from workers who migrated from India and Indonesia (Javanese) • The northern coast of South America has strong ties with the Caribbean and follow many traditions such as Carnival.