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Adenine – A nucleotide component of
DNA/RNA
Amino acid – Building blocks of
proteins
Analysis – Determination and
comparison of genetic sequences
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Annotation – The process of
attaching biological information to DNA
sequence e.g. where genes are
Bioinformatics – The application of
computer science to molecular biology
Codon – A series of 3 sequential
nucleotides in a DNA/RNA molecule which
codes for an amino acid
Cytosine – A nucleotide component of
DNA/RNA
Genome – All hereditary information in
an organism (either DNA or, for many
viruses, RNA)
Guanine – A nucleotide component of
DNA/RNA
Mutation – Changes to the genome
sequence
Polymerase – An enzyme responsible
for the sequential addition of nucleotides
to make a new DNA or RNA molecule from
an existing template
Sequencing – To determine the
primary structure of, for instance, DNA
Thymine – A nucleotide component of
DNA/RNA
Transcription – The process of
creating a complementary RNA strand of a
DNA sequence
Translation – The process of
deciphering messenger RNA into an amino
acid sequence which will fold into a protein
Created by Dr Emily Angiolini, The Genome Analysis Centre