* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Cyanobacteria wikipedia , lookup
Cryobiology wikipedia , lookup
Basal metabolic rate wikipedia , lookup
Magnesium in biology wikipedia , lookup
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (H+-translocating) wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrion wikipedia , lookup
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Electron transport chain wikipedia , lookup
Microbial metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Adenosine triphosphate wikipedia , lookup
Light-dependent reactions wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthetic reaction centre wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Oxidative phosphorylation wikipedia , lookup
CONFIDENTIAL SULTAN lORIS EDUCATION UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN lORIS FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER 1 SESSION 2015/2016 CODE : DATE: SBU3013 COURSE 2 9 DEC 2015 DURATION: 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES : BIOLOGY I INSTRUCTIONS (2) sections: A, and B. Section A consists of FOURTY (40) multiple choice questions. Answer all questions in Section A in OMR form provided. Section B consists of FOUR (4) structure questions. Answer all questions in Section B this question paper. 1. This 2. 3. consists of TWO question paper in 4. Question paper will be collected at the end of the examination. This question paper contains of 21 pages including cover page PROGRAMME: � I YEAR: CLASS GROUP: .c REGISTRATION NO: IDENTITY CARD NO : I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I LECTURER: DR. HANISOM ABDULLAH DR. REMMY KEONG BUN POH DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO CONFIDENTIAL SBU3013 Biology I 2 SECTION A (40 marks) Instruction: Answer all questions. 1. Energy A. of activation requires the use _ of enzymes B. allows for feedback inhibition products of metabolic reactions D. is the energy required for molecules to react with each other C. acts 2. on the The concentration of calcium in surrounding a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the fluid is 1 %. How could the cell obtains more calcium? A. Diffusion B. Osmosis C. Pinocytosis D. Active 3. transport Considering the ATP cycle, which to perform work for cell activities? of the following would have the most potential energy A. ATP B.ADP C.AMP D. Adenosine 4. via active transport. What would mitochondria within these intestinal cells are destroyed? Intestinal cells absorb glucose happen if all the A. Glucose absorption would increase B. Glucose absorption would decrease C. Glucose absorption would not be affected D. Glucose absorption would be slow at first and then increase [See next page SBU3013 Biology 5. 3 I Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours will become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in deduce that the cells of the A. B. C. D. 6. a salt solution will become celery stalks are limp and soft. From this we can _ hypotonic to both fresh water and the salt solution hypertonic to both fresh water and the salt solution hypertonic to fresh water but hypotonic to the salt solution hypotonic to fresh water but hypertonic to the salt solution cytoplasm has a concentration of 0.02 M glucose is placed in a test tube of water containing 0.02 M glucose. Assuming that glucose is not actively transported into the cell, which of the following terms describes the tonicity of the external solution relative to the cytoplasm of the cell? A cell whose A. Turgid B. Isotonic C. Flaccid D. Hypotonic 1 A+B e. f d. m u. C+D Progress of the Reaelion Figure 7. ______.... 1 Which of the following term best describes the reaction shown in figure 1? A. B. Endergonic Exergonic C. Anabolic D. Allosteric [See next page 4 SBU3013 Biology I 8. Which of the following is likely to increase the concentration of ATP in a cell? A. Anabolic activity in the cell increased. B. Catabolic activity in the cell increased. C. Influx of cofactor molecules increased. D. Amino acid concentration increased. 9. White blood cells engulf bacteria through _ A. osmosis B. pinocytosis C. exocytosis D. phagocytosis seriously epidemic viral diseases of earlier centuries because they resulted in severe dehydration due to vomiting and are mostly not fatal because scientists have developed 10. Several were then incurable diarrhea. Today, they _ A. medication to prevent blood loss B. antibiotics against the viruses in question C. high concentrations of salts and glucose drinks D. antiviral medications that are efficient and work well with all viruses 11. The light reactions act much energy is stored A. ADP + as as a battery to power the reactions of the Calvin cycle. This _ Pi B. ATP and NADPH C. ADP + Pi and NADP+ D. NADPH and NADP+ cycle of glucose? 12. How many in the Calvin cycle would be required for a plant to make one molecule A.1 B. 3 C.6 D.12 [See next page :BU3013 Biology 13. 5 I is reduced. is oxidized, while During photosynthesis, A. water; carbon dioxide 8. carbon dioxide; water C. carbohydrate; carbon dioxide carbohydrate D. carbon dioxide; 14. The Calvin cycle reactions A. so that they are only adjacent occur in bundle sheath cells in a C4 plant _ to stomata 8. to allow O2 to enter bundle sheath cells C. because rubisco is only found in mesophyll cells D. to shield the Calvin 15. What are the cycle reactions from O2 in products of the leaf spaces linear photophosphorylation? A. ADP and P680 8. ATP and P700 C. ADP and NADP D. ATP and NADPH thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is most direct effect longer separated from the stroma. This damage will have the 16. Assume a splitting of water 8. the synthesis of ATP C. the absorption of light no on A. the energy by chlorophyll D. the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I 17. The chemiosmotic process in A. establishment of a chloroplasts involves _ proton gradient 8. reduction of water to produce ATP energy C. diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane D. movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma [See next page 6 SBU3013 Biology I protein complex for the light reaction (a reaction center), energy is transferred from one pigment molecule to another pigment molecule until it reaches the primary electron acceptor. Which of the following statement best describe the occurrence of this process? 18. In a potential energy of the electron has to go back to the ground state. B. Each pigment molecule has to be able to act independently to excite electrons. C. The action spectrum of that molecule is such that it is different from other molecules of chlorophyll. D. The molecular environment lets it boost an electron to a higher energy level and also A. The to transfer the electron to another molecule. 19. In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a 6 carbon molecule, which is then split in two. What is the next step in Calvin cycle after phosphorylation and reduction? Regeneration of rubisco. Regeneration of ATP from ADP. C. Inactivation of RuBP carboxylase enzyme. D. Addition of a pair of electrons from NADPH. A. B. 20. CAM plants happen keep stomata closed in because CAM plants daytime to reduce loss of water. This process could _ CO2 into organic acids during the night B. fix CO2 into pyruvate in the mesophyll cell C. fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells D. use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO2 A. fix 21. What is the process that uses oxygen to break food down and produce ATP at cellular level? A. Photosynthesis respiration B. Cellular C. Reduction reactions D. Oxidation reactions [See next page :BU3013 Biology 7 I 22. What is the opposite process of cellular respiration? A. Hydrolysis B. Fermentation C. Photosynthesis D. Dehydration synthesis Figure 23. In figure 2, labelled X represents 2 of a mitochondrion. A. cristae B. thylakoids C. mitochondrial matrix D. intermembrane space 24. Where does A. glycolysis take place? Cytosol B. Mitochondrial matrix C. Mitochondrial inner membrane D. Mitochondrial intermembrane space 25. Which of the following involves directly in the O2 consumption during cellular respiration? A. Glycolysis B. The citric acid cycle C. The oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA D. Accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain [See next page SBU3013 8 Biology I following intermediary metabolite enters (C02) from one molecule of pyruvate? 26. Which of the of a carbon the citric acid cycle by the removal A. Lactate B. Acetyl CoA C. Oxaloacetate D. Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate 27. Which location does A. acetyl CoA accumulates during cellular respiration? cytosol B. mitochondrial matrix C. mitochondrial outer membrane D. mitochondrial inner membrane 28. aerobic During respiration, electrons travel downhill in _ A. glucose ---+ pyruvate ---+ ATP ---+ oxygen B. food ---+ citric acid cycle ---+ ATP ---+ NAD+ C. glucose D. food ---+ ---+ ATP NADH electron transport chain ---+ NADH electron transport chain -e+ oxygen ---+ ---+ 29. One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to --- A. reduce NAD+ to NADH B. reduce FAD+ to FADH2 C. oxidize NADH to NAD+ D. reduce FADH2 to FAD+ vigorously, the muscle cells becomes oxygen deprived, and will convert pyruvate to lactate. What happen to the lactate in skeletal muscle cells? 30. When an individual exercise A. It is converted to NAD+. B. It is converted to alcohol. C. It produces CO2 and water. D. It is taken to the liver and converted back to pyruvate. {See next page ", SBU3013 9 Biology I 31. You have a friend who lost 7 kg of fat on a "low carb" diet. How did the fat leave her body? A. It was B. It was CO2 and H20. converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat. released as C. Chemical energy was converted to heat and then released. D. It was broken down to amino acids and eliminated from the body. 32. Which of the following does not generate genetic variation within a population? A. Adaptation B. Sexual reproduction C. Genetic recombination D. Independent assortment of alleles 33. Single base differences between individuals at a single gene locus is called _ A. heterozygosity B. phenotypic diversity C. balanced D. 34. single polymorphisms polymorphisms nucleotide Why do prokaryotes genetic variation? and eukaryotes differ in their reliance on mutations for generating Prokaryotes are smaller in size than eukaryotes. B. Prokaryotes sexually reproduce, eukaryotes do not. C. Eukaryotes sexually reproduce, prokaryotes do not. D. Eukaryotes possess a nucleus, prokaryotes do not. A. new population of field mice, 35. A group of field mice crosses a highway and joins a an example of producing offspring with this population. This is _ A. allopatric B. gene flow C. genetic drift D. assortive mating [See next page ." ')BU3013 10 Biology I 36. Charles Darwin is the first person to propose A. that evolution B. a occurs mechanism for how evolution C. that the earth is older than D. a _ a few thousand years mechanism for evolution that 37. Natural selection is based on occurs was supported by evidence all of the following except _ A. genetic variation exists within populations B. individuals adapt to their environments and eventually evolve C. the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring D. individuals who survive to leave more offspring than those who die young wings and dolphin flippers consist of bones which these developed from similar embryonic tissues. How do biologists interpret 38. Structures such are longer tend as human arms, bat similarities? I. II. III. By identifying the bones as being homologous By the principle of convergent evolution By proposing that humans, bats, and dolphins share a common ancestor A. I and II only only and III only B. I and III C. II D. All the above [See next page SBU3013 Biology I 11 39. The frequency of a particular allele of alpine plants decreases due to a landslide. As result, only a small remnant of surviving plants bearing this allele. What had happen? I. A bottleneck II. Genetic drift III. A. I the Microevolution only B. I and II only only C. II and III D. All of the above 40. Arrange the following inclusive): from most I. II. general (Le., most inclusive) to most specific (Le., least Natural selection Microevolution III. I ntrasexual selection IV. Evolution V. Sexual selection A. IV, I, II, III, V B. IV, II, I, III, V C. IV, II, I, V, III D. I, IV, II, V, III [See next page :BU3013 Biology 12 I SECTION B Instruction: Answer all (40 marks) questions. 1. Metabolic pathways are the sequences of enzyme-mediated reactions rearrange, or break down substances. a. Compare between anabolic and catabolic by which cells build, pathways. [2 marks] b. Enzymes would on are their catalysts own. that make chemical reactions List two (2) occur much faster than they classes of enzymes. [2 marks] [See next page ,BU3013 c. 13 Biology I Figure 3 shows the activity of three enzymes Figure i. From Figure 3, which enzyme is most likely 100 80 60 40 20 e Z Y X 1 X, Y and Z. 3 isolated from a bacteria living in hot spring? [1 mark] ii. Enzyme enzyme X is isolated from human X, severe fever may cause digestive system. Explain why in relation to death to human? [2 marks] iii. List a factor affects activity of enzyme other than temperature. [1 mark] [See next page 14 SBU3013 Biology I d. Figure 4 (a) illustrates the conversion of succinate to fumarate catalyzed by enzyme 4 (b) shows malonic acid, which resembles chemical dehydrogenase. Figure structure of succinate inhibits the production of fumarate. succinate 0.", ..... 0- C, CH Ht,C"""O -0- Fumarate __.. + Enzyme Enzyme Succinate-enzyme complex Succinate Figure 4 (a) No product is formed Enzyme Malonic acid Malonate-enzyme complex Figure 4 (b) i. What is the role of malonic acid in Figure 4(b)? [1 mark1 ii. You run an succinate dehydrogenase by experiment with succinate, malonic acid and placing all of these substances in the same reduce the inhibitory effect of malonic acid. beaker to react. Suggest one method to [1 mark] [See next page ;BU3013 2. Photosynthesis organisms. a. 15 Biology I is an ancient Explain one (1) difference in photosynthesis pathway. pathway between which highlights light-dependent and the evolution of light-independent autotrophic reactions [2 marks] b. State the stages of the Calvin cycle reactions in the correct sequence. [2 marks] [See next page 5BU3013 c. Biology I 16 Figure 5 depicts the day. the difference of CO2 uptake for two plant species P and Q, throughout CO2 uptake Q .... -_ '" P " .... Midnight 6.00 AM _- ...... _--_ Explain cause -� 6.00 PM Noon Figure i. ... 5 (2) differences in the function of leaf structure variation in CO2 uptake throughout the day. two the Midnight between plant P and Q that [2 marks] ii. Which plant is most likely adapted to desert habitat? Justify your answer. [2 mark] [See next page SBU3013 Biology I 17 iii. Based on Figure 5, what type of carbon fixation category for plant Q? [1 mark] iv. Give an example of plant Q. [1 mark] [See next page ,BU3013 3. Biology I 18 Cells convert the chemical energy of chemical energy of ATP, which drives a. carbohydrates and other organic compounds into nearly all life-sustaining reactions. Write down thecorrect sequence of the following events in aerobic the respiration. [1 mark1 Events Sequence Electron transport and chemiosmosis Glycolysis Formation of acetyl coA Citric acid cycle b. Where does glycolysis occur? [1 mark1 c. Name and explain two (2) major phases in glycolysis. [4marks1 [See next page SBU3013 d. Biology I 19 A super enzyme is discovered in an organism. The enzyme does not require ATP to split glucose to pyruvate and cannot function in the presence of oxygen. This organism's net ATP production from one molecule of glucose is four. the Explain production of these four ATP. [2 marks] e. In bread the yeast needs to be dissolved in mixture of sugar, warm water and flour. Within a short time, this mixture begins to bubble and foam. Explain what is happening during this process? making, a [2 marks] [See next page :BU3013 4. Biology Allele a. 20 I frequencies State two (2) in a population evidences on are changing over the generations. evolution. [2marks1 b. Compare the following concepts of evolution. i. Microevolution and macroevolution [2 marks1 ii. Mutation and natural selection [2 marks1 [See next page :BU3013 c. Biology I 21 Hardy Weinberg formula (p2 + 2pq + q2 1), can be used to count allele frequency for specific trait. A population of bears may be brown (the dominant phenotype) or white (the recessive phenotype). Brown bears have the genotype BB or Bb. White bears have the genotype bb. Assuming the frequency of the BB genotype is 0.35. The bear population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. = a i. Estimate the frequency of heterozygous bears. [1 mark] ii. Estimate the frequency of 8 allele. [1 mark] iii. Estimate the frequency of b allele. [1 mark] iv. If immigration of 20 new individual occurs happen to the equilibrium of the population. an in the bear population, predict what [1 mark] END OF QUESTIONS