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Biochemistry Topic 7: High energy compounds and thermo dynamics of the living system - - - - The basic rule of thermodynamics is: βπΊ = βπ» β πβπ = βπ ππππΎππ Gibbs-Helmholtz equation Change in free enthalpy= change in heat β temperature times entropy change Another important formula is ο βπΊ 0 = βπ π πππΎ All living cells require some source of free energy. In the human body ATP is the usual supplier for energy, giving -30.5kJ by ATP -> ADP + Pi. If οG is negative the reaction moves forwards, if it is positive it will move backwards. The energy is obtained by the energy difference between ATP and the Products ADP and Pi. Humans obtain free energy by coupling their metabolism to the breakdown of some organic molecules. High energy compounds are substances which have a higher energy value than ATP. The high energy compounds in our body are usually based on phosphate groups: o Enolphosphates: Phosphoenolpyruvate: -61kJmol o Anhydrids: 1,3-biphosphoglycerate: -49,3kJ/mol o Phospoguanidine: creatinephosphate: -43.1kJ/mol Other high energy compounds can be some thiol-esters involving CoA. The greates supplier of the phosphate groups is the oxidative phosphorilation in the mitochondria. The full oxidation of glucose to CO2 yields -2840kJ for every mole of glucose. The glycolysis itself contributes about 5.2% (-146kJ) of the entire energy stored in glucose. In total we get about 30-32 ATP molecules from glucose. ATP allows unfavorable thermodynamic reactions become favorable and happen inside the cell. Other energy is obtained by oxidation-reduction reactions