Download Ans: A friar, from the Latin “frater” meaning brother, is a priest or a

FAQs
Q.1
What is a friar, monastery and an abbey?
Ans:
A friar, from the Latin “frater” meaning brother,
is a priest or a brother member of a religious
community of men who live in a friary and belong
to the tradition of religious orders of friars within
the church (from ww.vocations.ca). The word friar
is to be carefully distinguished in its application
from the word monk. For the monk retirement and
solitude are undisturbed by the public ministry,
unless under exceptional circumstances.
A monastery is the home of the community of
vowed men or women who live according to the
monastic
tradition
of
the
church
(from
ww.vocations.ca).
An abbey is a monastery (a community of
monks) under the leadership of an abbot or
abbess. Mendel’s abbey was an exception in that it
was a community of friars under the leadership of
an abbot.
Q.2
Who was G.J. Mendel?
Ans: Gregor Johann Mendel was an Augustinian priest
and scientist, who gained posthumous fame as the
figurehead of the new science of Genetics for his
study of the inheritance of certain traits in pea
plants. Mendel showed that the inheritance of
these traits follow particular laws, which were later
named after him.
Q.3
Why did Mendel use pea as material in his
experiments?
Ans: Because he did a lot of research and found that
peas most readily demonstrated the genetic
factors he wished to show.
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Q.7
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Q.8
What does “Mendelian inheritance” mean?
"Mendelian inheritance" refers to the transmission
of inherited characters from generation to
generation through genes. It is named after
Gregor Mendel,
an
Austrian
monk
who
determined the basic principles of inheritance in
the latter half of the 19th century, and who is
considered the "Father of Genetics." Mendel's
research led to the founding of basic principles of
heredity now known as "Mendel's laws of
inheritance."
Which are the two rules of Mendel’s heredity?
i) The rule of unit factors, according to which each
trait is controlled by an independent factor as a
unit.
ii) The rule of dominance, according to which one
member of a pair of allelic genes expresses over
the other member.
How does a dominant trait differ from a
recessive trait?
A dominant trait is one that is expressed whenever
present, either as a homozygous genotype (e.g.
TT) or a heterozygous one (e.g. Tt). In other
words, dominance means that a heterozygote,
carrying only one copy of the dominant allele, will
display the dominant phenotype. In contrast,
recessive trait always results from a homozygous
recessive genotype (e.g. tt). Recessive traits seem
to be more common in a population than dominant
traits.
Which law of Mendel is true in all cases?
Law of segregation.
What is meant by the term “true breeding”?
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Q.13
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Individuals, which when bred to others of the
same genotype, produce only offspring of that
genotype, are called true breeding. In other
words, homozygous individuals (TT, tt) are true
breeding when bred among themselves, while
heterozygotes (Tt) are not.
What is hybridization?
In Genetics, hybridization is the process of mixing
different species or varieties of organisms. Gregor
Mendel used artificial cross-pollination to hybridize
the pea plants in his experiments.
How did Mendel cross the plants?
Cross-pollination—taking the pollen from the
stamen of one parent plant, and brushing it on the
pistil of the other plant with contrasting trait.
What is the difference between phenotype
and genotype?
Phenotype is the "outward, physical manifestation"
of the organism, while genotype is the "internally
coded, inheritable information" carried by all living
organisms.
What is meant by homozygous and
heterozygous?
Since each diploid organism has two alleles for
every gene, the alleles can be alike (homozygous)
or different (heterozygous). These terms are
derived from the Greek terms homos, meaning
"same," and heteros, meaning "different," plus the
Greek suffix zygotos, meaning "yoked together."
How is allele related to a gene?
Alleles are variations of genes. Genes contain
information about specific characteristic and can
either be dominant or recessive. An alternative
form of a gene is called allele, lead to the
alternative form of a trait. Alleles are a way of
identifying the two members of a gene pair which
produce opposite contrasting phenotypes.
Q.14 How are genes inherited?
Ans: Genes are usually inherited in pairs one from the
mother and one from the father.
Q.15 What is a monohybrid cross?
Ans: A monohybrid cross is a breeding experiment
between P generation (parental generation)
organisms that differ in one trait.
Q.16 What is the difference between test cross and
back cross?
Ans: Back cross is the cross between progeny in F1
generation with any of its parents.
However, test cross is the cross between progeny in F1
generation with its recessive parent.