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Transcript
Karyotype Lab The Role of DNA and Chromosomes 1. During cell division, DNA condenses and coils to form chromosomes. 2. Each chromosome contains millions of nitrogen base pairs which serve as genes. 3. Each gene controls the production of a protein in the organism which creates a trait (characteristic). Chromosomes 4.The chromosomes in a diploid cell can be organized into Homologous pair = matched sets of chromosomes. Pairs are matched on the basis of: *Overall length of the chromosomes *Banding pattern on the chromosomes *Location of the centromere Homologous Chromosomes Human Chromosomes 5.The 46 chromosomes in a diploid human cell create 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes. *Pairs 1-22 are referred to as AUTOSOMES 6. Pair #23 = the Gender Determining Chromosomes (Sex Chromosomes) *may or may not match exactly. *referred to as the X sex chromosome and the Y sex chromosome. *The Y sex chromosome carries the Sex Determining Gene (SRY gene) which is the master switch to the male gender. 7. If the 23rd pair of chromosomes matches exactly, then the combination is referred to as XX = Female 23rd pair of chromosomes match = female 8.If the 23rd pair of chromosomes does not match, then the . combination is referred to as XY = Male 23rd pair of chromosomes do not match = male Karyotype 9. A Karyotype is a technique used to identify and evaluate the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a sample of body cells. *Extra, missing, or abnormal positions of chromosome pieces can be determined. *The gender of the organism can also be determined. Example: Normal Human Karyotype: Example: Abnormal Human Karyotype: Example: Abnormal Human Karyotype:
