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Transcript
Unit 3 Test Study Guide Cells CP1 USING SCIENCE SKILLS A student put together the experimental setup shown below. The selectively permeable membrane is permeable to both types of solute molecules shown. Figure 7–4 1. Interpreting Graphics Describe the experimental setup shown in Figure 7–4. Do you expect the distribution of the solutes on each side of the membrane to change over time? 2. Predicting Describe the movement of the C molecules on side A of the apparatus shown in Figure 7–4. What will happen to these molecules over time? 3. Predicting Look at Figure 7–4. Describe the movement of the D molecules on side A. What will happen to these molecules over time? 4. Predicting What will the apparatus shown in Figure 7–4 look like when equilibrium is reached? 5. Predicting Once equilibrium is reached in the apparatus shown in Figure 7–4, will the molecules continue to move? Explain your answer. Open Response (Must be completed in full sentances!) 6. Summarize three statements from the cell theory. Explain the significance of the cell theory to biology. 7. Describe the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Which of these structures are you likely to find in a prokaryotic cell? Eukaryotic cell? Plant cell? Animal cell? 8. Compare prokaryotes with eukaryotes. Give an example of each type of cell. 9. Describe what happens when sugar solutions with two different concentrations are placed on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane in a container. 10. How do facilitated diffusion and active transport differ? 11. Compare a cell from a unicellular organism with a cell from a multicellular organism in terms of cell specialization. 12. Discuss the levels of organization in multicellular organisms and explain why these levels are not used to describe unicellular organisms. Cell Structure and Function Key Terms prokaryote eukaryote Organelles nucleus nucleolus cell membrane cell wall ribosome cell theory Robert Hooke cytoplasm mitochondrion chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Anton van Leeuwenhoek cell specialization vacuole lysosome flagellum cilia centriole Cell Transport Key Terms diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion active transport endocytosis equilibrium lipid bilayer semi-permeable concentration exocytosis hypotonic hypertonic isotonic solute/solvent Be able to: Predict the effects of different solutions on living cells. Microscopes Questions 1. How do you calculate the magnification? 2. How do you focus a microscope? 3. What does the microscope do to the image of an “e”? 4. What should you never do while viewing an object through the high power objective lens and why? Cells Unit Test Open Response Review Questions Answer Section OTHER 1. ANS: The experimental setup shows two solutions with different concentrations of two different solutes separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Over time, the solutes should reach equilibrium. DIF: A REF: p. 184, p. 185 OBJ: 7.3.2 STO: BIO.2.5, BIO.2.4 2. ANS: Some of the C molecules will move to the B side of the container. DIF: A REF: p. 185 OBJ: 7.3.2 STO: BIO.2.5 3. ANS: Some of the D molecules will move from side A to side B. The net movement of D molecules will be from side B to side A. DIF: A REF: p. 184, p. 185 OBJ: 7.3.2 STO: BIO.2.5, BIO.2.4 4. ANS: At equilibrium, the concentrations of both C and D molecules will be equal on either side of the selectively permeable membrane. DIF: A REF: p. 184 OBJ: 7.3.2 STO: BIO.2.5, BIO.2.4 5. ANS: Yes, both kinds of molecules will continue to move across the membrane; however, there will be no net movement of either molecule. DIF: A REF: p. 184 OBJ: 7.3.2 STO: BIO.2.5, BIO.2.4 ESSAY 6. ANS: The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells. It also says that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things and new cells come from existing cells. The cell theory is significant to biology because all living thing are made of cells. Differences in the structure and function of different life forms are reflected in differences in their cell structures. DIF: A REF: p. 170 OBJ: 7.1.1 7. ANS: The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier around the cell. The cell wall is a strong layer that surrounds the cell membrane in some cells. The nucleus is a large structure found in some cells. It contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the cell’s activities. The material inside the cell, not including the nucleus, is the cytoplasm. All cells have a cell membrane and cytoplasm. Only eukaryotes have a nucleus. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, but plant cells do. DIF: E REF: p. 173, p. 174, p. 182 OBJ: 7.1.3 STO: BIO.2.2, BIO.2.3, BIO.2.1, BIO.1.3 8. ANS: Prokaryotes are generally simpler and smaller than eukaryotes. They have a cell membrane but lack a nucleus. Eukaryotes have a nucleus and other specialized organelles. Bacteria and other cells that lack a nucleus are prokaryotes. Plants, animals, fungi, and other microorganisms are eukaryotes. DIF: E REF: p. 173 OBJ: 7.1.3 STO: BIO.2.2, BIO.2.3 9. ANS: When sugar solutions of different concentrations are on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane, the molecules on both sides of the membrane flow across the membrane. However, there is a net flow of molecules from the more concentrated solution into the less concentrated solution, until the concentrations are equal. Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in each direction across the membrane. DIF: E REF: p. 183, p. 184 OBJ: 7.3.2 STO: BIO.2.1, BIO.2.4, BIO.2.5 10. ANS: Facilitated diffusion is the movement through a protein channel of molecules that could not otherwise cross the membrane. Facilitated diffusion occurs only with a concentration difference and does not require additional energy. Active transport is the movement of materials across a cell membrane against a concentration difference and does require the addition of energy. DIF: A REF: p. 187, p. 188 OBJ: 7.3.3 STO: BIO.2.5, BIO.2.4 11. ANS: The cell from the unicellular organism carries out all the life processes of the organism. The cell from the multicellular organism is specialized and carries out only certain functions in the organism, while relying on other cells in the multicellular organism to complete other life processes. DIF: A REF: p. 190 OBJ: 7.4.1 STO: BIO.2.2 12. ANS: The levels of organization in a multicellular organism include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Similar cells are grouped into tissues; tissues that work together form organs; a group of organs that work together make up an organ system. Unicellular organisms cannot have cell specialization. Instead, all the activities of the organism must be carried out by the single cell. DIF: A REF: p. 190, p. 192 STO: BIO.2.2, BIO.2.3 OBJ: 7.4.2