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Unit 3 Test Study Guide
Cells
CP1
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
A student put together the experimental setup shown below. The selectively permeable membrane is
permeable to both types of solute molecules shown.
Figure 7–4
1. Interpreting Graphics Describe the experimental setup shown in Figure 7–4. Do you expect the
distribution of the solutes on each side of the membrane to change over time?
2. Predicting Describe the movement of the C molecules on side A of the apparatus shown in Figure 7–4.
What will happen to these molecules over time?
3. Predicting Look at Figure 7–4. Describe the movement of the D molecules on side A. What will happen
to these molecules over time?
4. Predicting What will the apparatus shown in Figure 7–4 look like when equilibrium is reached?
5. Predicting Once equilibrium is reached in the apparatus shown in Figure 7–4, will the molecules
continue to move? Explain your answer.
Open Response (Must be completed in full sentances!)
6. Summarize three statements from the cell theory. Explain the significance of the cell theory to biology.
7. Describe the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Which of these structures are you likely to
find in a prokaryotic cell? Eukaryotic cell? Plant cell? Animal cell?
8. Compare prokaryotes with eukaryotes. Give an example of each type of cell.
9. Describe what happens when sugar solutions with two different concentrations are placed on opposite
sides of a semipermeable membrane in a container.
10. How do facilitated diffusion and active transport differ?
11. Compare a cell from a unicellular organism with a cell from a multicellular organism in terms of cell
specialization.
12. Discuss the levels of organization in multicellular organisms and explain why these levels are not used to
describe unicellular organisms.
Cell Structure and Function
Key Terms
prokaryote
eukaryote
Organelles
nucleus
nucleolus
cell membrane
cell wall
ribosome
cell theory
Robert Hooke
cytoplasm
mitochondrion
chloroplast
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
cell specialization
vacuole
lysosome
flagellum
cilia
centriole
Cell Transport
Key Terms
diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
active transport
endocytosis
equilibrium
lipid bilayer
semi-permeable
concentration
exocytosis
hypotonic
hypertonic
isotonic
solute/solvent
Be able to:
Predict the effects of different solutions on living cells.
Microscopes
Questions
1. How do you calculate the magnification?
2. How do you focus a microscope?
3. What does the microscope do to the image of an “e”?
4. What should you never do while viewing an object through the high power objective lens and why?
Cells Unit Test Open Response Review Questions
Answer Section
OTHER
1. ANS:
The experimental setup shows two solutions with different concentrations of two different solutes separated
by a selectively permeable membrane. Over time, the solutes should reach equilibrium.
DIF: A
REF: p. 184, p. 185
OBJ: 7.3.2
STO: BIO.2.5, BIO.2.4
2. ANS:
Some of the C molecules will move to the B side of the container.
DIF: A
REF: p. 185
OBJ: 7.3.2
STO: BIO.2.5
3. ANS:
Some of the D molecules will move from side A to side B. The net movement of D molecules will be from
side B to side A.
DIF: A
REF: p. 184, p. 185
OBJ: 7.3.2
STO: BIO.2.5, BIO.2.4
4. ANS:
At equilibrium, the concentrations of both C and D molecules will be equal on either side of the selectively
permeable membrane.
DIF: A
REF: p. 184
OBJ: 7.3.2
STO: BIO.2.5, BIO.2.4
5. ANS:
Yes, both kinds of molecules will continue to move across the membrane; however, there will be no net
movement of either molecule.
DIF: A
REF: p. 184
OBJ: 7.3.2
STO: BIO.2.5, BIO.2.4
ESSAY
6. ANS:
The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells. It also says that cells are the basic units of
structure and function in living things and new cells come from existing cells. The cell theory is significant to
biology because all living thing are made of cells. Differences in the structure and function of different life
forms are reflected in differences in their cell structures.
DIF: A
REF: p. 170
OBJ: 7.1.1
7. ANS:
The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier around the cell. The cell wall is a strong layer that surrounds the
cell membrane in some cells. The nucleus is a large structure found in some cells. It contains the cell’s genetic
material and controls the cell’s activities. The material inside the cell, not including the nucleus, is the
cytoplasm. All cells have a cell membrane and cytoplasm. Only eukaryotes have a nucleus. Animal cells do
not have a cell wall, but plant cells do.
DIF: E
REF: p. 173, p. 174, p. 182
OBJ: 7.1.3
STO: BIO.2.2, BIO.2.3, BIO.2.1, BIO.1.3
8. ANS:
Prokaryotes are generally simpler and smaller than eukaryotes. They have a cell membrane but lack a nucleus.
Eukaryotes have a nucleus and other specialized organelles. Bacteria and other cells that lack a nucleus are
prokaryotes. Plants, animals, fungi, and other microorganisms are eukaryotes.
DIF: E
REF: p. 173
OBJ: 7.1.3
STO: BIO.2.2, BIO.2.3
9. ANS:
When sugar solutions of different concentrations are on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane, the
molecules on both sides of the membrane flow across the membrane. However, there is a net flow of
molecules from the more concentrated solution into the less concentrated solution, until the concentrations are
equal. Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in each direction across the
membrane.
DIF: E
REF: p. 183, p. 184
OBJ: 7.3.2
STO: BIO.2.1, BIO.2.4, BIO.2.5
10. ANS:
Facilitated diffusion is the movement through a protein channel of molecules that could not otherwise cross
the membrane. Facilitated diffusion occurs only with a concentration difference and does not require
additional energy. Active transport is the movement of materials across a cell membrane against a
concentration difference and does require the addition of energy.
DIF: A
REF: p. 187, p. 188
OBJ: 7.3.3
STO: BIO.2.5, BIO.2.4
11. ANS:
The cell from the unicellular organism carries out all the life processes of the organism. The cell from the
multicellular organism is specialized and carries out only certain functions in the organism, while relying on
other cells in the multicellular organism to complete other life processes.
DIF: A
REF: p. 190
OBJ: 7.4.1
STO: BIO.2.2
12. ANS:
The levels of organization in a multicellular organism include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Similar cells are grouped into tissues; tissues that work together form organs; a group of organs that work
together make up an organ system. Unicellular organisms cannot have cell specialization. Instead, all the
activities of the organism must be carried out by the single cell.
DIF: A
REF: p. 190, p. 192
STO: BIO.2.2, BIO.2.3
OBJ: 7.4.2