Download Which diagram most correctly represents the process of mitosis

GENETICS REVIEW
“DNA REPLICATION, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, and MUTATIONS,”
CONSTRUCTED AND EXTENDED CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE
1. A. The two figures below represent the process of…
2. At left, name the enzyme that allows this process to begin.
3. At left, what do the A, C, G, and T stand for?
4. At right, name the enzymes that rebuild
the molecule.
5. At right, look carefully at the bases,
many are not labeled, label them.
6. At left, label the three parts of a DNA molecule. What is this
entire unit called?
7. Where specifically on a DNA molecule would each of the
units at left be located?
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8. The passages below summarize what is going on in the picture. They are out of order and contain three
subtle inaccuracies each. Put them in order and underline what needs to be corrected.
A. Transcription actually begins when the enzyme RNA helicase binds to the promoter region of DNA to initiate the process
of making a molecule of transfer tRNA. As indicated above, the sequence of bases in DNA—the order of A, T, C, and G dictates the sequence of the mRNA which will be formed. Thus, an A in DNA can bind only to a T in mRNA. The DNA base G
will bind only to the RNA base C, and so on. RNA polymerase connects these bases together in a process called elongation.
B. The amino acids are linked through chemical bonds to create a fat molecule. Proteins typically consist of one amino
acid. Thus, the sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of mRNA, which then determines the linear sequence
of amino acids in a protein. Depending on its sequence of amino acids, a protein may fold, twist, bend, pleat, coil, or
otherwise contort itself until it assumes the three-dimensional shape that makes it functional. In the body, lipids make up
most of the structural elements of cells and tissues. They also function as monster trucks, which regulate all of the body's
chemical reactions.
C. The process of making proteins based on the code of DNA is called transcription. During translation, the mRNA - which
was generated in the cell membrane of a cell and now carries its transcript of the DNA code - moves to the cytoplasm,
where it attaches temporarily to tiny structures called mitochondria. There, molecules of mRNA direct the assembly of small
molecules called amino acids (of which 20 kinds exist) into proteins. Each amino acid is specified by a code of three bases.
The helpers in this effort are molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA). Each tRNA molecule contains its own triplet code (to match
the mRNA code), and each tRNA ferries a particular kind of amino acid to the mRNA-laden ribosomes.
D. DNA, which is single-stranded, unwinds and copies its triplet code (varying sequences of the four nitrogen bases adenine
(A), thymine (U), uracil (C), and guanine (G)) into a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule. In RNA, uracil (U) is substituted for T. The
process is called transcription because the triplet code of a DNA molecule is transcribed into the triplet code of an mRNA
molecule. A gene that makes an mRNA transcript is active; the gene is said to be expressed.
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10. Number us to show the correct order from largest to smallest.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The diagram below shows a portion of a DNA molecule.
The base sequence of the unlabeled strand shown in the diagram is most likely
A) G-A-G-U
B) C-U-C-A
C) G-A-G-T
D) T-C-T-G
2. Which event takes place first during DNA replication?
A) The DNA molecule "unzips" along weak hydrogen bonds.
B) A single-stranded RNA molecule is formed.
C) Free nucleotides are bonded together in the correct sequence
D) Transfer RNA links to an amino acid.
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3. The next two questions refer to the diagram below that represents a molecule of:
A) DNA
B) ATP
C) FSH
D) RNA
4. Which statement describes the substance represented in the diagram above?
A) It is a small molecule found in ribosomes.
B) It is an energy-releasing molecule located in the cytoplasm.
C) It is a double lipid layer molecule with connecting proteins.
D) It is a nucleotide sequence found in chromosomes.
5. Which nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base that pairs with thymine in double-stranded DNA?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 1
D) 4
6. The individuality of an organism is determined by the organism's
A) transfer RNA molecules
B) amino acids
C) nitrogenous bases
D) DNA nucleotide sequence
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7. As part of its structure a known gene contains the base sequence A-A-T-C-G-A. An alteration of this
sequence to A-A-C-C-G-A is known as a
A) segregation
B) mutation
C) disjunction
D) deletion
8. Which molecule is composed of two complementary chains of nucleotides?
A) DNA
B) ADP
C) RNA
D) ATP
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