* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download File - Biology with Radjewski
Survey
Document related concepts
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Cell Notes: Chapter 4 Biology A History of the Cell 1. ____________________ a. Discovered the __________, by looking at cork 2. ____________________ a. Discovered _______________ cells b. Also invented the _____________________ 3. ____________________ a. Discovered _________ cells 4. ____________________ a. Discovered _________ cells 5. ____________________ a. Discovered that _________ only come from other living cells Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of ___________. 2. Cells are the basic units of _______________ and ________________. 3. Cells are produced only from other __________ cells ** These observations were made from ____________, ______________ and ______________. Prokaryotic Cells 1. Lived at least _____ billions years ago 2. __________-celled (_____________) that lacks a ___________ and any _______________ 3. Genetic material does not have a ____________ 4. Very ___________ 5. Example: Eukaryotic Cells 1. Have a ___________ and _______________ (mini organs) 2. Genetic material has a ___________ around it 3. Not as ______ as prokaryotic cells 4. Can be _____________ or ________________ (more than 1 cell) 5. Example: Why are cells so small? 1. Needed ____________ must be able to be ______________ inside the cell 2. ______ materials must be able to be transported ________ of the cell 3. ___________ cells are more efficient because they have a better ______________ to _______________ ratio Organelles of the Cell Organelle Plant, Animal or Both? Looks like Plasma Membrane (cell membrane) Lipid bilayer – polar heads and nonpolar tails Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Tunnel with ribosomes (dots); is connected to the nucleus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) Tubular with no ribosomes, connected to RER and nucleus Function in Cell (JOB) Vesicle Carries proteins from RER to the Golgi apparatus Ribosome Makes proteins by combining amino acids through condensation reactions Nucleus Large and central; has a membrane; contains chromosomes and a nucleolus Nuclear Envelope or Nuclear Membrane Allows RNA and protein in and out of the nucleus Nucleolus Chromosomes – other forms are chromatin or chromatid Inside nucleus; looks like a ball of yarn, little lines or an X Cytoplasm Jellylike fluid – cytosol; contains cytoskeleton Mitochondria Small sausage shaped with squiggly lines called cristae Chloroplast Green bean shaped with stacks of thylakoids inside Golgi Apparatus (Golgi complex, golgi body) Cell Wall Receives protein from vesicles and packages them up to be distributed out of the cell Made of cellulose (polysaccharide) Peroxisome Breaks down macromolecules; recycles organelles Lysosome Cytoskeleton Centrioles Vacuole Cilia Flagella Microtubules arranged in a circle Storage of food, water, waste, pigments and enzymes